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iScience2023; 26(3); 106144; doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106144

DNA methylation-based profiling of horse archaeological remains for age-at-death and castration.

Abstract: Age profiling of archaeological bone assemblages can inform on past animal management practices, but is limited by the fragmentary nature of the fossil record and the lack of universal skeletal markers for age. DNA methylation clocks offer new, albeit challenging, alternatives for estimating the age-at-death of ancient individuals. Here, we take advantage of the availability of a DNA methylation clock based on 31,836 CpG sites and dental age markers in horses to assess age predictions in 84 ancient remains. We evaluate our approach using whole-genome sequencing data and develop a capture assay providing reliable estimates for only a fraction of the cost. We also leverage DNA methylation patterns to assess castration practice in the past. Our work opens for a deeper characterization of past husbandry and ritual practices and holds the potential to reveal age mortality profiles in ancient societies, once extended to human remains.
© 2023 The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2023-02-05 PubMed ID: 36843848PubMed Central: PMC9950528DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106144Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores using DNA methylation profiles to accurately determine the age-at-death for ancient horses and detecting if they were castrated. The study demonstrates the potential to learn more about past animal husbandry and rituals and could eventually be adapted to human remains for understanding age mortality profiles in ancient societies.

Introduction and research approach

  • The authors start by discussing the challenges of profiling the age of archaeological bone assemblages due to the fragmented nature of the fossils and the absence of universal skeletal markers. DNA methylation clocks, which track age-related changes in an organism’s DNA, are suggested as an alternative tool for estimating age-at-death.
  • For this research, the team used a DNA methylation clock based on 31,836 markers known as CpG sites. They also used dental age markers in horses to verify the age predictions.
  • The study examined 84 ancient horse remains to test the efficacy of this method.

Development of a cost-effective method

  • The authors developed a capture assay to analyze the horse remains. A capture assay is a molecular biology method used to isolate and examine specific DNA sequences.
  • They demonstrated that this approach could provide reliable age estimates at a much lower cost than whole-genome sequencing, the more traditional method for genetic analysis.

Evaluating castration practices

  • In addition to estimating age-at-death, the researchers also used DNA methylation patterns to assess whether the ancient horses had been castrated. Castration practices can give insights into breeding strategies, work duties, and ritual practices in ancient societies.

Implications and potential applications

  • The authors argue that through obtaining accurate age-at-death profiles and knowledge about castration practices, we can gain deeper insights into past husbandry and ritual practices involving horses.
  • Last but not least, they propose that their method, once extended to human remains, holds the potential to reveal age mortality profiles in ancient societies, contributing to our understanding of past demographics and mortality risks.

Cite This Article

APA
Liu X, Seguin-Orlando A, Chauvey L, Tressières G, Schiavinato S, Tonasso-Calvière L, Aury JM, Perdereau A, Wagner S, Clavel P, Estrada O, Pan J, Ma Y, Enk J, Devault A, Klunk J, Lepetz S, Clavel B, Jiang L, Wincker P, Collin YRH, Sarkissian C, Orlando L. (2023). DNA methylation-based profiling of horse archaeological remains for age-at-death and castration. iScience, 26(3), 106144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106144

Publication

iScience
ISSN: 2589-0042
NlmUniqueID: 101724038
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Pages: 106144
PII: 106144

Researcher Affiliations

Liu, Xuexue
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Chauvey, Lorelei
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Tressières, Gaëtan
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Schiavinato, Stéphanie
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Tonasso-Calvière, Laure
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Aury, Jean-Marc
  • Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université d'Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91042 Évry, France.
Perdereau, Aude
  • Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université d'Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91042 Évry, France.
Wagner, Stefanie
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
  • INRAE Division Ecology and Biodiversity (ECODIV), Castanet Tolosan, France.
Clavel, Pierre
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Estrada, Oscar
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Pan, Jianfei
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
Ma, Yuehui
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
Enk, Jacob
  • Daicel Arbor Biosicences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Devault, Alison
  • Daicel Arbor Biosicences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Klunk, Jennifer
  • Daicel Arbor Biosicences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lepetz, Sébastien
  • Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 56, 55 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
Clavel, Benoit
  • Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP 56, 55 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
Jiang, Lin
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
Wincker, Patrick
  • Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université d'Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91042 Évry, France.
Collin, Yvette Running Horse
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Sarkissian, Clio Der
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Orlando, Ludovic
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France.

Conflict of Interest Statement

J.E., A.D., and J.K. are employed by Daicel Arbor Biosciences, who produced the targeted-capture panel and performed the capture laboratory services for this study.

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