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Home / Equine Research Bank / Can J Vet Res / Do Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses have similar increas...
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2003; 67(4); 291-296;

Do Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses have similar increases in pulmonary vascular pressures during exertion?

Abstract: To test the hypothesis that the pulmonary vascular pressures of Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses behave similarly during exertion. Measurements were made on 5 Thoroughbred and 5 Standardbred horses on a treadmill at rest and during 3-minute exercise intervals at speeds predicted to produce 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal heart rate. Left forelimb acceleration, heart rate, esophageal pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure were measured continuously. Pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were measured during intermittent occlusion of the pulmonary artery. Breathing rate and gait frequency were the fundamental frequencies of the esophageal pressure and limb acceleration signals respectively. The ratio of speed:gait frequency gave stride length. The effects of exertion and breed were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. Exertion produced significant increases in pulmonary artery (P = 0.001), capillary (P = 0.002), and wedge (P = 0.005) pressures. No significant effect of breed was detected on pulmonary artery pressure, but at exertion pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were 15% (P = 0.03) and 23% (P = 0.04) greater in Thoroughbreds, respectively. Treadmill speed was approximately 12% greater (P = 0.04), stride length was approximately 25% greater (P = 0.0003), gait frequency was approximately 10% less (P = 0.006), breathing rate was approximately 10% less (P = 0.001), and heart rate was approximately 6% less (P = 0.06) for Thoroughbreds. There was no effect of breed on inspiratory or expiratory esophageal pressure although mean esophageal pressure was approximately 2 mmHg greater (P = 0.03) in exercising Standardbreds. In conclusion, pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures are greater in Thoroughbreds than in Standardbreds at similar fractions of maximal heart rate. This is compatible with the higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage observed in Thoroughbreds.
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Publication Date: 2003-11-19 PubMed ID: 14620866PubMed Central: PMC280714
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates whether Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses exhibit similar patterns in pulmonary vascular pressures when exercising. It concludes that when exerted, the pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures in Thoroughbreds are higher than in Standardbreds, which aligns with the higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Thoroughbreds.

Methodology

  • The research was conducted on a total of 10 horses, 5 Thoroughbreds and 5 Standardbreds.
  • Each horse was exercised on a treadmill at rest and then at predetermined speeds, intended to generate 75%, 90%, and 100% of their maximum heart rate.
  • Various physical parameters including left forelimb acceleration, heart rate, esophageal pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure were continuously measured during the exercise.
  • Additional parameters like pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures were calculated during intermittent blocking of the pulmonary artery.
  • The researchers also used breathing rate and gait frequency, or the primary frequencies of esophageal pressure and limb acceleration, to determine stride length using the speed-to-gait ratio.

Findings

  • The researchers found that exercise significantly increases pulmonary artery, capillary, and wedge pressures regardless of the breed.
  • While exercise did not affect the pulmonary artery pressure with respect to the breed, capillary and wedge pressures were notably higher in Thoroughbreds during exertion, by 15% and 23% respectively.
  • Thoroughbreds had approximately 12% higher treadmill speed, 25% greater stride length, 10% lower gait frequency, 10% lower breathing rate and 6% lower heart rate.
  • Additionally, breed had no influence on inspiratory or expiratory esophageal pressure. However, the average esophageal pressure was slightly higher in exercising Standardbreds by roughly 2 mmHg.

Conclusion

  • The researchers concluded that Thoroughbreds had higher pulmonary capillary and wedge pressures than Standardbreds when exerted at similar percentages of their maximal heart rate.
  • This finding supports previous observations indicating a higher incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Thoroughbred horses compared with Standardbreds.

Cite This Article

APA
Hackett RP, Ducharme NG, Gleed RD, Mitchell L, Soderholm LV, Erickson BK, Erb HN. (2003). Do Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses have similar increases in pulmonary vascular pressures during exertion? Can J Vet Res, 67(4), 291-296.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 67
Issue: 4
Pages: 291-296

Researcher Affiliations

Hackett, R P
  • Equine Performance Testing Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Ducharme, N G
    Gleed, R D
      Mitchell, L
        Soderholm, L V
          Erickson, B K
            Erb, H N

              MeSH Terms

              • Analysis of Variance
              • Animals
              • Blood Pressure
              • Breeding
              • Capillaries / physiology
              • Exercise Test / veterinary
              • Female
              • Heart Rate / physiology
              • Hemorrhage / etiology
              • Hemorrhage / genetics
              • Hemorrhage / physiopathology
              • Hemorrhage / veterinary
              • Horse Diseases / etiology
              • Horse Diseases / genetics
              • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
              • Horses / genetics
              • Horses / physiology
              • Male
              • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
              • Physical Exertion / physiology
              • Pulmonary Circulation / physiology
              • Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / physiology
              • Vascular Resistance

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              Citations

              This article has been cited 2 times.
              1. Shave R, Howatson G, Dickson D, Young L. Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Lessons from Humans, Horses, and Dogs. Vet Sci 2017 Feb 12;4(1).
                doi: 10.3390/vetsci4010009pubmed: 29056668google scholar: lookup
              2. Painter PR. Allometric scaling of the maximum metabolic rate of mammals: oxygen transport from the lungs to the heart is a limiting step. Theor Biol Med Model 2005 Aug 11;2:31.
                doi: 10.1186/1742-4682-2-31pubmed: 16095539google scholar: lookup
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