FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Clin Vaccine Immunol / Does immunotherapy protect equines from reinfection by the o...
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2011; 18(8); 1397-1399; doi: 10.1128/CVI.05150-11

Does immunotherapy protect equines from reinfection by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum?

Abstract: A cutaneous Pythium insidiosum reinfection was diagnosed in an equine in Brazil. Lesions with focal presentation appeared 2 years apart. The first infection and even immunotherapy were not likely to develop enough immune response to prevent reinfection. The use of adjuvants should be considered in the immunotherapy of pythiosis.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2011-06-29 PubMed ID: 21715582PubMed Central: PMC3147340DOI: 10.1128/CVI.05150-11Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on a case of reinfection in an equine (horse) by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum in Brazil, aiming to establish whether immunotherapy can effectively protect against reinfection.

Background

  • This study’s focus was on Pythium insidiosum, a pathogenic oomycete fungus that causes pythiosis—a severe infectious disease affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues, majorly in horses.
  • Immunotherapy, specifically, the use of immunotherapeutic vaccines, is a prevalent method of treating pythiosis in the veterinary field, aiming at stimulating the animal’s immune system to fight the oomycete.

Case Presentation

  • The case study involves an equine in Brazil that was diagnosed with a cutaneous P. insidiosum reinfection, where the lesions reappeared two years after the initial infection.
  • Despite receiving immunotherapy for the first infection, it apparently didn’t stimulate sufficient immune response to prevent the horse from getting reinfected.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The researchers concluded that the initial infection and subsequent immunotherapy were not enough to stave off a secondary infection.
  • This reinfection indicates the possibility that the current immunotherapeutic treatments may not be effective in providing long-term protection to the equines against P. insidiosum.
  • The authors suggested the use of adjuvants in immunotherapy to enhance the immune response. Adjuvants are substances that improve the body’s immune response to a vaccine and may provide humane treatment in fighting pythiosis.

Relevance and Future Research

  • This study’s findings emphasize the need to investigate more reliable and robust methods to provide sustained protection against P. insidiosum reinfection in equines.
  • Raising questions on the effectiveness of current immunotherapeutic measures, this research call for more studies that could help in evaluating other potential ways to fortify the immune response, like the use of adjuvants.

Cite This Article

APA
Santos CE, Marques LC, Zanette RA, Jesus FP, Santurio JM. (2011). Does immunotherapy protect equines from reinfection by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum? Clin Vaccine Immunol, 18(8), 1397-1399. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.05150-11

Publication

Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
ISSN: 1556-679X
NlmUniqueID: 101252125
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 8
Pages: 1397-1399

Researcher Affiliations

Santos, Carlos E P
  • Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
Marques, Luiz C
    Zanette, Régis A
      Jesus, Francielli P K
        Santurio, Janio M

          MeSH Terms

          • Adjuvants, Immunologic / therapeutic use
          • Animals
          • Brazil
          • Dermatomycoses / immunology
          • Dermatomycoses / prevention & control
          • Dermatomycoses / therapy
          • Dermatomycoses / veterinary
          • Histocytochemistry
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
          • Horse Diseases / therapy
          • Horses
          • Immunotherapy / methods
          • Microscopy
          • Mycology
          • Pythiosis / immunology
          • Pythiosis / prevention & control
          • Pythiosis / therapy
          • Pythiosis / veterinary
          • Pythium / immunology
          • Secondary Prevention
          • Skin / pathology

          References

          This article includes 14 references
          1. Botton SA, Pereira DI, Costa MM, Azevedo MI, Argenta JS, Jesus FP, Alves SH, Santurio JM. Identification of Pythium insidiosum by nested PCR in cutaneous lesions of Brazilian horses and rabbits.. Curr Microbiol 2011 Apr;62(4):1225-9.
            pubmed: 21188592doi: 10.1007/s00284-010-9781-4google scholar: lookup
          2. Chaffin MK, Schumacher J, McMullan WC. Cutaneous pythiosis in the horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1995 Apr;11(1):91-103.
            pubmed: 7634168doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30334-6google scholar: lookup
          3. Reference deleted.
          4. Gaastra W, Lipman LJ, De Cock AW, Exel TK, Pegge RB, Scheurwater J, Vilela R, Mendoza L. Pythium insidiosum: an overview.. Vet Microbiol 2010 Nov 20;146(1-2):1-16.
            pubmed: 20800978doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.019google scholar: lookup
          5. Leal A. B. M., Leal A. T., Santurio J. M., Kommers G. D., Catto J. B.. Equine pythiosis in the Brazilian Pantanal region: clinical and pathological findings of typical and atypical cases. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 21:151–156.
          6. Leal A. T.. Serological response in rabbits immunized with Pythium insidiosum antigens associated with different adjuvants. Cienc. Rural 32:1027–1032.
          7. Mendoza L, Hernandez F, Ajello L. Life cycle of the human and animal oomycete pathogen Pythium insidiosum.. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Nov;31(11):2967-73.
            pmc: PMC266174pubmed: 8263182doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.11.2967-2973.1993google scholar: lookup
          8. Mendoza L, Newton JC. Immunology and immunotherapy of the infections caused by Pythium insidiosum.. Med Mycol 2005 Sep;43(6):477-86.
            pubmed: 16320491doi: 10.1080/13693780500279882google scholar: lookup
          9. Miller RI. Treatment of equine phycomycosis by immunotherapy and surgery.. Aust Vet J 1981 Aug;57(8):377-82.
            pubmed: 7342944doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1981.tb00526.xgoogle scholar: lookup
          10. Newton J. C., Ross P. S.. Equine pythiosis: an overview of immunotherapy. Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. 15:491–493.
          11. Pereira D. I. B.. Comparison between immunotherapy and caspofungin as agents to treat experimental pythiosis in rabbits. J. Mycol. Med. 18:129–133.
          12. Santurio JM, Leal AT, Leal AB, Festugatto R, Lubeck I, Sallis ES, Copetti MV, Alves SH, Ferreiro L. Three types of immunotherapics against pythiosis insidiosi developed and evaluated.. Vaccine 2003 Jun 2;21(19-20):2535-40.
            pubmed: 12744888doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00035-5google scholar: lookup
          13. Santurio J. M., Alves S. H., Pereira D. B., Argenta J. S.. Pythiosis: an emergent mycosis. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 34:1–14.
          14. Santurio J. M.. Indirect ELISA for the serodiagnostic of pythiosis. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 26:47–50.

          Citations

          This article has been cited 3 times.
          1. Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. History and Perspective of Immunotherapy for Pythiosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Sep 26;9(10).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines9101080pubmed: 34696188google scholar: lookup
          2. Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum. Heliyon 2020 Apr;6(4):e03737.
            doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03737pubmed: 32322727google scholar: lookup
          3. Loreto ES, Tondolo JSM, Zanette RA. Treating Pythiosis with Antibacterial Drugs Targeting Protein Synthesis: An Overview. J Fungi (Basel) 2024 Mar 22;10(4).
            doi: 10.3390/jof10040234pubmed: 38667905google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.