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Does the injection of platelet-rich plasma induce changes in the gene expression and morphology of intact Thoroughbred skeletal muscle?
Abstract: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is promising for treating skeletal muscle injuries in human athletes by promoting muscle regeneration. It might also be useful for treating muscle injuries in equine athletes. In the present study, muscle regeneration induced by injection of PRP into intact muscle of Thoroughbred was investigated. Autologous PRP and saline were injected twice into intact left and right gluteus medius muscles of seven clinically healthy Thoroughbreds. Muscle samples were collected from the injection sites by needle biopsy at 2 and 7 days after PRP injection. Immunohistochemical staining to identify the types of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) and satellite cells was performed to compare morphological changes among intact (pre-injection), saline-, and PRP-injected muscles. The expression of marker genes related to muscle regeneration (MHC-I, MHC-II, and embryonic MHC [MHC-e]), satellite cell activity (CK, Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin), and proinflammatory and promyogenic cytokines (IL-6, IGF-1, and HGF) was analyzed and compared between saline- and PRP-injected muscles. There were no obvious morphological differences among the three treatments. There were no significant differences in gene expression associated with satellite cell activity between saline and PRP injection at 7 days after injection. MHC genes showed significantly higher expression levels with PRP than with saline, including MHC-e at 2 days and MHC-I at 7 days after injection. It is suggested that injection of PRP into intact skeletal muscle does not induce specific morphological changes, but upregulate the expression of genes related to muscle regeneration.
Publication Date: 2017-07-06 PubMed ID: 28721121PubMed Central: PMC5506447DOI: 10.1294/jes.28.31Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research explored if injecting platelet-rich plasma into healthy skeletal muscles of Thoroughbred horses affected the muscle’s gene expression and structure. The results suggested no significant structural changes but did show an increase in the expression of genes related to muscle regeneration.
Research Methodology
- The study used seven healthy Thoroughbreds. Each horse had autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and saline injected into their intact left and right gluteus medius muscles (part of the hip muscle group). These injections were administered twice.
- Post-injection, muscle sample biopsies were taken at 2 and 7 days from the injection sites.
- The researchers conducted immunohistochemical staining on the samples. This technique allows scientists to visualize specific components of cells. This staining aimed to identify the types of myosin heavy chains (MHC: a protein involved in muscle contraction) and satellite cells (muscle stem cells responsible for regeneration) and to compare morphological changes between pre-injection, after saline injection, and after PRP injection muscles.
- Lastly, the research team examined the expression of genes related to muscle regeneration (MHC-I, MHC-II, and embryonic MHC [MHC-e]), satellite cell activity (CK, Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin), and proteins that promote inflammation and muscle growth (IL-6, IGF-1, and HGF).
Research Findings
- There were no visible morphological or structural differences among the muscles that remained intact (pre-injection), after saline injection, and after PRP injection.
- The gene expression associated with satellite cell activity did not show any significant differences between saline and PRP injection seven days post-injection.
- However, the expression of MHC genes, especially MHC-e at 2 days and MHC-I at 7 days post-injection, showed significantly higher levels with PRP than with saline.
Conclusion
- Based on these findings, the researchers deduced that injecting PRP into intact skeletal muscle does not induce any significant morphological changes.
- The critical finding, though, was that the PRP injection upregulated the expression of genes related to muscle regeneration, namely the MHC genes.
- This has important implications for the potential use of PRP in treating muscle injuries in horses, boosting recovery by enhancing muscle regeneration at the genetic level.
Cite This Article
APA
Fukuda K, Miyata H, Kuwano A, Kuroda T, Tamura N, Kotoyori Y, Kasashima Y.
(2017).
Does the injection of platelet-rich plasma induce changes in the gene expression and morphology of intact Thoroughbred skeletal muscle?
J Equine Sci, 28(2), 31-39.
https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.28.31 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
- Japan Farriery Association, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan.
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Camargo Garbin L, Lopez C, Carmona JU. A Critical Overview of the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Equine Medicine Over the Last Decade. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:641818.
- Fukuda K, Kuroda T, Tamura N, Mita H, Kasashima Y. Optimal activation methods for maximizing the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-β1 in equine platelet-rich plasma. J Vet Med Sci 2020 Oct 20;82(10):1472-1479.
- Longhini ALF, Salazar TE, Vieira C, Trinh T, Duan Y, Pay LM, Li Calzi S, Losh M, Johnston NA, Xie H, Kim M, Hunt RJ, Yoder MC, Santoro D, McCarrel TM, Grant MB. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate immunomodulatory potential for therapeutic use in horses. PLoS One 2019;14(3):e0212642.
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