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Drug testing and analysis2024; doi: 10.1002/dta.3756

Doping control of estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione in horses.

Abstract: Estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione (dienedione) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) available on the market as a dietary supplement for bodybuilding. It is prohibited in both human and equine sports due to its potential performance-enhancing effect. With the rare presence of the 4,9-diene configuration in endogenous steroids, dienedione has been considered as a synthetic AAS. Nevertheless, the reoccurring detection of dienedione in entire male horse urine samples led to the investigation of its possible endogenous nature in horses, and its endogenous nature in entire male horses has been recently confirmed and reported by the authors' laboratory. While dienedione is not detected in castrated horses (geldings), it is essential to study its elimination and identify its metabolites for its effective control. To study the elimination and biotransformation of dienedione, administration experiments were performed by giving three castrated horses (geldings) each single oral dose of 1500 mg of dienedione powder for seven consecutive days. The postulated in vivo metabolites included 17-hydroxyestra-4,9-dien-3-one (M1a and M1b), hydroxylated dienedione (M2a, M2b, M3a, M3b, M4, M5) and hydroxylated M1 (M6a, M6b, M7a, M7b, M8a and M8b), formed from hydroxylation and reduction of dienedione. To control the misuse of dienedione in geldings, M3a and M3b are the potential targets that gave the longest detection time, which could be detected for up to 2-5 days in urine and 0.4-4 days in plasma.
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2024-06-26 PubMed ID: 38926502DOI: 10.1002/dta.3756Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on controlling the misuse of an anabolic-androgenic steroid, dienedione, in horse racing. The study explores the elimination and biotransformation of dienedione in castrated horses, identifying long-lasting metabolites for a longer detection time.

About Estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione (Dienedione)

  • Dienedione, a type of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS), is utilized as a supplement for bodybuilding purposes.
  • This steroid is forbidden both in human and equine sports due to its performance-enhancing properties.
  • Given the rare occurrence of the 4,9-diene configuration in endogenous steroids, dienedione is considered a synthetic AAS.
  • However, dienedione was reoccurringly detecting in male horse urine samples, prompting the researchers to investigate its possible endogenous nature in horses.
  • The research confirms that dienedione is indeed endogenous in entire male horses.

The Experiment on Gelded Horses

  • The research does not detect any presence of dienedione in gelded (castrated) horses.
  • To understand dienedione’s elimination and the formation of its metabolites, castrated horses were given oral doses of the steroid for a week.

The Metabolites of Dienedione

  • The study hypothetically identified several metabolites of dienedione, which formed from the processes of hydroxylation and reduction of dienedione.
  • These included hydroxylated dienedione in various forms and 17-hydroxyestra-4,9-dien-3-one, among others.

Controlling Dienedione Misuse in Gelded Horses

  • The research identified specific dienedione metabolites in gelded horses which provide the longest detection time and hence could be potential targets for monitoring.
  • These metabolites could be detected in the horses’ urine for up to 2-5 days and in the plasma for 0.4-4 days.
  • These findings are critical in controlling the misuse of dienedione in gelded horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Ho HSM, Farrington AF, Bond AJ, Ho ENM, Wong WT. (2024). Doping control of estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione in horses. Drug Test Anal. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3756

Publication

Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
NlmUniqueID: 101483449
Country: England
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Ho, Helen S M
  • Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Farrington, Adrian F
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Services, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
Bond, Amanda J
  • Department of Equestrian Affairs, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
Ho, Emmie N M
  • Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
Wong, Wing-Tak
  • Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

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