Duration of circulating antibody and immunity following infection with equine influenza virus.
Abstract: The duration of immunity as measured by virological, serological and clinical responses following infection with influenza A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8) was assessed in repeated challenge experiments in which ponies were infected by exposure to aerosols of infectious virus. Previous infection stimulated complete clinical protection which persisted for at least 32 weeks as demonstrated by the absence of febrile responses and coughing in two groups of ponies infected 16 weeks or 32 weeks after the first infection. Partial clinical protection persisted for over a year as demonstrated by the absence of coughing and a reduction in the number of febrile responses in a group of ponies infected 62 weeks after their first infection. These results contrasted with those observed in immunologically naive control ponies which developed pyrexia, dyspnoea and nasal discharge and coughing. The kinetics of virus specific antibody production in primary and secondary infections with equine influenza were studied by the single radial haemolysis test and a radioisotopic antiglobulin binding assay which measured virus specific IgGab antibody isotype. Antibody to the haemagglutinin, as measured by the single radial haemolysis test, declined rapidly after primary infection whereas the IgGab responses to whole virus antigens persisted for longer. The single radial haemolysis test was therefore particularly useful for the detection of antibody responses in multiple infections or exposures to influenza antigens. The radioisotopic antiglobulin binding assay was more sensitive for identifying infections which had occurred more than six months previously, as evidenced by anamnestic IgGab responses in ponies with low levels of antibody before rechallenge.
Publication Date: 1988-02-06 PubMed ID: 2835850DOI: 10.1136/vr.122.6.125Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study explores the duration and effectiveness of immunity to influenza A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8) in ponies following exposure to the virus. The research observes complete clinical protection persisting for at least 32 weeks, partial clinical protection for a year, and evaluates the production of virus-specific antibodies during primary and secondary infections.
Duration of Clinical Protection
- The study assessed the lasting immunity of ponies to equine influenza virus by subjecting them to repeated exposure of the virus via aerosol infection.
- Complete clinical protection, characterized by an absence of febrile responses and coughing, was observed in ponies 16 and 32 weeks after initial infection.
- Partial clinical protection extended beyond a year, as indicated by the absence of coughing and a decrease in febrile responses in ponies that were infected 62 weeks after the initial infection.
- This contrasted significantly with ponies that had not previously been exposed to the virus, which exhibited symptoms like fever, difficulty breathing, nasal discharge and coughing.
Antibody Production and Measurement
- The research also investigated the kinetics of virus-specific antibody production in primary and secondary influenza infections by using the single radial haemolysis test and a radioisotopic antiglobulin binding assay. These tests measured virus-specific immunoglobulin (IgGab) antibody isotype and antibody for the haemagglutinin.
- It was found that antibody for the haemagglutinin declined rapidly after the primary infection, while IgGab responses to the whole virus antigen persisted longer.
- The single radial haemolysis test was particularly useful in detecting antibody responses in multiple infections or exposures to influenza antigens, while the radioisotopic antiglobulin binding assay was more sensitive in identifying infections that had occurred over six months prior.
- This was determined by anamnestic (memory-based) IgGab responses in ponies with low levels of antibody before the rechallenge.
Implications of the Study
- This research is significant in understanding the duration and effectiveness of immunity following infection from the equine influenza virus. It also validates the use of particular tests in identifying and measuring virus-specific antibodies and their duration in the body.
- The understanding of these immune responses and their duration could aid in the development of more effective treatments and preventive strategies against equine influenza.
Cite This Article
APA
Hannant D, Mumford JA, Jessett DM.
(1988).
Duration of circulating antibody and immunity following infection with equine influenza virus.
Vet Rec, 122(6), 125-128.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.122.6.125 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Virology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Wasik BR, Rothschild E, Voorhees IEH, Reedy SE, Murcia PR, Pusterla N, Chambers TM, Goodman LB, Holmes EC, Kile JC, Parrish CR. Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses.. Virus Evol 2023;9(2):vead052.
- El-Hage C, Hartley C, Savage C, Watson J, Gilkerson J, Paillot R. Assessment of Humoral and Long-Term Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine Influenza Virus Vaccination in Horses Using Conventional and Accelerated Regimens Respectively.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 26;10(6).
- Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
- Gildea S, Arkins S, Cullinane A. A comparative antibody study of the potential susceptibility of Thoroughbred and non-Thoroughbred horse populations in Ireland to equine influenza virus.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2010 Nov;4(6):363-72.
- Murcia PR, Baillie GJ, Daly J, Elton D, Jervis C, Mumford JA, Newton R, Parrish CR, Hoelzer K, Dougan G, Parkhill J, Lennard N, Ormond D, Moule S, Whitwham A, McCauley JW, McKinley TJ, Holmes EC, Grenfell BT, Wood JL. Intra- and interhost evolutionary dynamics of equine influenza virus.. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(14):6943-54.
- Bryant NA, Paillot R, Rash AS, Medcalf E, Montesso F, Ross J, Watson J, Jeggo M, Lewis NS, Newton JR, Elton DM. Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak.. Vet Res 2010 Mar-Apr;41(2):19.
- Chambers TM, Quinlivan M, Sturgill T, Cullinane A, Horohov DW, Zamarin D, Arkins S, García-Sastre A, Palese P. Influenza A viruses with truncated NS1 as modified live virus vaccines: pilot studies of safety and efficacy in horses.. Equine Vet J 2009 Jan;41(1):87-92.
- Larsen DL, Dybdahl-Sissoko N, McGregor MW, Drape R, Neumann V, Swain WF, Lunn DP, Olsen CW. Coadministration of DNA encoding interleukin-6 and hemagglutinin confers protection from influenza virus challenge in mice.. J Virol 1998 Feb;72(2):1704-8.
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