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FASEB bioAdvances2022; 4(12); 775-797; doi: 10.1096/fba.2022-00063

Dynamic regulation of the transcriptome and proteome of the equine embryo during maternal recognition of pregnancy.

Abstract: During initial maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP), the equine embryo displays a series of unique events characterized by rapid blastocyst expansion, secretion of a diverse array of molecules, and transuterine migration to interact with the uterine surface. Up to date, the intricate transcriptome and proteome changes of the embryo underlying these events have not been critically studied in horses. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform an integrative transcriptomic (including mRNA, miRNAs, and other small non-coding RNAs) and proteomic analysis of embryos collected from days 10 to 13 of gestation. The results revealed dynamic transcriptome profiles with a total of 1311 differentially expressed genes, including 18 microRNAs (miRNAs). Two main profiles for mRNAs and miRNAs were identified, one with higher expression in embryos ≤5 mm and the second with higher expression in embryos ≥7 mm. At the protein level, similar results were obtained, with 259 differentially abundant proteins between small and large embryos. Overall, the findings demonstrated fine-tuned transcriptomic and proteomic regulations in the developing embryo associated with embryo growth. The identification of specific regulation of mRNAs, proteins, and miRNAs on days 12 and 13 of gestation suggested these molecules as pivotal for embryo development and as involved in MRP, and in establishment of pregnancy in general. In addition, the results revealed new insights into prostaglandin synthesis by the equine embryo, miRNAs and genes potentially involved in modulation of the maternal immune response, regulation of endometrial receptivity and of late implantation in the mare.
©2022 The Authors FASEB BioAdvances published by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
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Publication Date: 2022-10-18 PubMed ID: 36479207PubMed Central: PMC9721094DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00063Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explored the complex transcriptomic and proteomic interactions within horse embryos during the first stages of pregnancy recognition, giving vital insights into the molecules that play crucial roles in embryo growth and pregnancy development.

Objective of the Study

  • The main aim of this study was to examine the transcriptomic (including mRNA, miRNAs, and other small non-coding RNAs) and proteomic variations within horse embryos between day 10 and 13 of gestation. These changes pinpoint the unique biological processes occurring during initial maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP).

Detailed Analysis of Embryos

  • The researchers detected vast transcriptomic changes, with 1311 genes, including 18 microRNAs, being differentially expressed in embryos at different stages of development.
  • Two major categories of mRNA and miRNA expression were identified, one with increased expression in embryos ≤5 mm in size and the second with increased expression in embryos ≥7 mm in size.
  • At the protein level, analogous findings were made with a difference in abundance of 259 proteins between smaller and larger embryos.

Implications of the Findings

  • The embryos exhibited intricate regulations of their transcriptome and proteome that are related to their growth and the establishment of pregnancy. With mRNAs, proteins, and microRNAs being particularly regulated on days 12 and 13 of gestation, these molecules were suggested to be pivotal for the development of the embryo and involved in MRP.
  • Apart from this, the research also presented a deeper understanding of the role of prostaglandin synthesis in equine embryos, genes and microRNAs which could be involved in the modulation of the maternal immune response, and the regulations associated with endometrial receptivity and late implantation in mares.

Cite This Article

APA
Vegas AR, Podico G, Canisso IF, Bollwein H, Fröhlich T, Bauersachs S, Almiñana C. (2022). Dynamic regulation of the transcriptome and proteome of the equine embryo during maternal recognition of pregnancy. FASEB Bioadv, 4(12), 775-797. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2022-00063

Publication

FASEB bioAdvances
ISSN: 2573-9832
NlmUniqueID: 101733210
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 12
Pages: 775-797

Researcher Affiliations

Vegas, Alba Rudolf
  • Functional Genomics Group Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich Lindau (ZH) Switzerland.
Podico, Giorgia
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana Champaign Urbana Illinois USA.
Canisso, Igor F
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana Champaign Urbana Illinois USA.
Bollwein, Heinrich
  • Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.
Fröhlich, Thomas
  • Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis Munich Germany.
Bauersachs, Stefan
  • Functional Genomics Group Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich Lindau (ZH) Switzerland.
Almiñana, Carmen
  • Functional Genomics Group Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich Lindau (ZH) Switzerland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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