Dynamics of activities of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2, and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs in fetal fluid compartments during gestation and at parturition in the mare.
Abstract: During late gestation in the mare, rapid fetal growth is accompanied by considerable placental growth and further invasion of the endometrium by microvilli. This growth requires extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In early pregnancy, we know that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -2 are involved in the endometrial invasion during endometrial cup formation. The present study investigated whether MMPs are found in fetal fluids later in gestation and during parturition, and if there was a difference in their activities between normal and preterm delivery. Amniotic fluids were collected from pony mares during the latter half of gestation, and amniotic and allantoic fluids from pony and thoroughbred mares at foaling. The fluids were analysed for the activity of MMP-9 and -2, and TIMPs using zymography techniques. There was an increase (P = 0.002) in activity of latent MMP-9 when approaching normal foaling, and a decrease (P < 0.001) during foaling. MMP-2 activity did not change through gestation, or during foaling. When comparing samples from pregnancies resulting in preterm deliveries with samples from foaling mares, the activity of MMP-9 was lower (P < 0.001) and MMP-2 activity was higher (P = 0.004) during foaling than preceding preterm delivery. The activity of MMP-9 was lower (P = 0.002) prior to preterm delivery than before delivery of a live foal at term, whereas no difference (P = 0.07) was demonstrated for latent MMP-2 activity when comparing the same groups. The activity of TIMP-2 was higher (P < 0.001) in the pre-parturient period before normal foaling than preceding preterm delivery. These results suggest that MMPs may have a role as markers for high risk pregnancy in the mare.
Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011-01-08 PubMed ID: 21220153DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.023Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research focuses on the role of two specific types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), namely MMP-9 and MMP-2, in fetal fluids during late gestation and parturition in mares. The study reveals that MMPs could potentially serve as markers for high risk pregnancies in horses.
Objective of the Research
- The goal of the study was to examine whether matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9 and MMP-2, are present in fetal fluids in late gestation and during labor. It also intended to probe whether there are any differences in the activities of these MMPs between normal and preterm delivery.
Methodology
- Amniotic fluids were collected from pony mares during late gestation while amniotic and allantoic fluids were collected from pony and thoroughbred mares at foaling.
- The fluids were then analysed for the activities of MMP-9 and -2 using certain techniques. TIMPs, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs, were also examined.
Findings
- The activity of latent MMP-9 increased as normal foaling approached and decreased during foaling, whereas MMP-2’s activity remained the same throughout gestation and during foaling.
- In pregnancies that resulted in preterm deliveries, the activity of MMP-9 was lower, and MMP-2’s activity was higher during foaling as compared to before preterm delivery.
- Similarly, the activity of MMP-9 was lower prior to preterm delivery than before the delivery of a live foal at term. However, no clear difference was demonstrated for latent MMP-2 activity when comparing the same groups.
- The activity of TIMP-2, a type of tissue inhibitor of MMPs, was higher before normal foaling as compared to before preterm delivery.
Conclusion
- The study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms during late gestation and parturition in mares.
- The researchers suggest that MMPs could potentially serve as markers to predict high risk pregnancies in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Oddsdóttir C, Riley SC, Leask R, Shaw DJ, Aurich C, Palm F, Fowden AL, Ricketts SW, Watson ED.
(2011).
Dynamics of activities of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2, and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs in fetal fluid compartments during gestation and at parturition in the mare.
Theriogenology, 75(6), 1130-1138.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.023 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Amniotic Fluid / metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers / metabolism
- Female
- Horses
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
- Parturition / metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy, Animal / metabolism
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Jaworska J, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Kowalczyk-Zięba I, Wocławek-Potocka I, Siemieniuch M. Transcriptome Profiling of the Retained Fetal Membranes-An Insight in the Possible Pathogenesis of the Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021 Mar 3;11(3).
- Barton AK, Richter IG, Ahrens T, Merle R, Alalwani A, Lilge S, Purschke K, Barnewitz D, Gehlen H. MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic. Mediators Inflamm 2021;2021:9501478.
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