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Dynamics of African horse sickness virus nucleic acid and antibody in horses following immunization with a commercial polyvalent live attenuated vaccine.
Abstract: African horse sickness (AHS) is a fatal disease of equids relevant to the global equine industry. Detection of AHS virus (AHSV) during outbreaks has become more rapid and efficient with the advent of group specific reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (GS RT-qPCR) assays to detect AHSV nucleic acid. Use of GS RT-qPCR together with recently described type specific (TS RT-qPCR) assays cannot only expedite diagnosis of AHS but also facilitate further evaluation of the dynamics of AHSV infection in the equine host. A potential limitation to the application of these assays is that they detect viral nucleic acid originating from any AHS live attenuated vaccine (LAV), which is the vaccine type routinely administered to horses in South Africa. The aim of this study was to contrast the dynamics and duration of the RNAaemia to the serological responses of horses following immunization with a commercial polyvalent AHSV-LAV using GS and TS RT-qPCR assays and serum neutralisation tests. The results of the study showed extended RNAemia in vaccinated horses, and that more horses tested positive on GS RT-qPCR with lower Cq values after receiving the AHSV-LAV containing types 1, 3 and 4 prior to the vaccine containing types 2, 6, 7 and 8, rather than when the vaccine combinations were reversed. Furthermore, lower Cq values were obtained when vaccines were administered 4weeks apart as compared with a longer interval or 12weeks apart. These findings are of particular relevance in regions where AHSV-LAVs are used as the use of these vaccines may complicate the accurate interpretation of diagnostic testing results.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2017-03-22 PubMed ID: 28341113DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.005Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses a study on how African horse sickness virus (AHSV) impacts horses after they have received a polyvalent live attenuated vaccine. The study examines the progression and duration of RNAemia and serological responses in horses.
Objective of the Research:
The article presents a study that aims to study the progression and duration of RNAemia and the serological responses of horses after receiving a commercial polyvalent AHSV live attenuated vaccine (LAV). The study used group specific reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (GS RT-qPCR) assays and serum neutralisation tests to contrast these dynamics.
Methods Used:
- While using GS RT-qPCR, the study utilised equally efficient type specific (TS RT-qPCR) assays to detect AHSV nucleic acid and facilitate a thorough assessment of AHSV infection dynamics in horses.
- The research also highlighted the potential constraint of these assays being able to detect the viral nucleic acid that originates from any AHS live attenuated vaccine (LAV), a type of vaccine largely given to horses in South Africa.
Results:
- The results indicated extended RNAemia in vaccinated horses, with more horses showing positive results on GS RT-qPCR with lower Cq values when they were exposed to AHSV-LAV containing types 1, 3 and 4 before getting the vaccine carrying types 2, 6, 7 and 8.
- They also noted that lower Cq values were obtained when vaccines were administered 4 weeks apart as compared with a longer interval or 12 weeks apart.
Implications:
- The conclusions of the study are especially important for regions where AHSV-LAVs are used, as these findings emphasize the possibility of these vaccines complicating the precise interpretation of diagnostic testing results.
- Thus, the research may effectively inspire strategies for improved diagnostic techniques, especially in regions that use AHSV-LAVs.
Cite This Article
APA
Weyer CT, Grewar JD, Burger P, Joone C, Lourens C, MacLachlan NJ, Guthrie AJ.
(2017).
Dynamics of African horse sickness virus nucleic acid and antibody in horses following immunization with a commercial polyvalent live attenuated vaccine.
Vaccine, 35(18), 2504-2510.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa. Electronic address: equineresearchcentre@gmail.com.
- Western Cape Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, Elsenburg, South Africa.
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Equine Viral Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
MeSH Terms
- African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
- African Horse Sickness Virus / immunology
- African Horse Sickness Virus / isolation & purification
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Horses
- Immunization
- Neutralization Tests
- RNA, Viral / blood
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- South Africa
- Vaccines, Attenuated / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Pipitpornsirikul P, Thangthamniyom N, Laikul A, Songkasupa T, Pathomsakulwong W, Apichaimongkonkun T, Kasemsuwan S, E-Kobon T, Lekcharoensuk P. The Viremic Phase and Humoral Immune Response Against African Horse Sickness Virus That Emerged in Thailand in 2020. Vet Sci 2025 Sep 11;12(9).
- O'Kennedy MM, Roth R, Ebersohn K, du Plessis LH, Mamputha S, Rutkowska DA, du Preez I, Verschoor JA, Lemmer Y. Immunogenic profile of a plant-produced nonavalent African horse sickness viral protein 2 (VP2) vaccine in IFNAR-/- mice. PLoS One 2024;19(4):e0301340.
- Villalba R, Tena-Tomás C, Ruano MJ, Valero-Lorenzo M, López-Herranz A, Cano-Gómez C, Agüero M. Development and Validation of Three Triplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Typing African Horse Sickness Virus: Utility for Disease Control and Other Laboratory Applications. Viruses 2024 Mar 20;16(3).
- Durán-Ferrer M, Villalba R, Fernández-Pacheco P, Tena-Tomás C, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Bouzada JA, Ruano MJ, Fernández-Pinero J, Arias M, Castillo-Olivares J, Agüero M. Clinical, Virological and Immunological Responses after Experimental Infection with African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 9 in Immunologically Naïve and Vaccinated Horses. Viruses 2022 Jul 15;14(7).
- Castillo-Olivares J. African horse sickness in Thailand: Challenges of controlling an outbreak by vaccination. Equine Vet J 2021 Jan;53(1):9-14.
- Molini U, Zaccaria G, Kandiwa E, Mushonga B, Khaiseb S, Ntahonshikira C, Chiwome B, Baines I, Madzingira O, Savini G, D'Alterio N. Seroprevalence of African horse sickness in selected donkey populations in Namibia. Vet World 2020 May;13(5):1005-1009.
- Dennis SJ, Meyers AE, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP. African Horse Sickness: A Review of Current Understanding and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2019 Sep 11;11(9).
- Dennis SJ, O'Kennedy MM, Rutkowska D, Tsekoa T, Lourens CW, Hitzeroth II, Meyers AE, Rybicki EP. Safety and immunogenicity of plant-produced African horse sickness virus-like particles in horses. Vet Res 2018 Oct 11;49(1):105.
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