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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Dynamics of influenza virus infection and pathology.
Journal of virology2010; 84(8); 3974-3983; doi: 10.1128/JVI.02078-09

Dynamics of influenza virus infection and pathology.

Abstract: A key question in pandemic influenza is the relative roles of innate immunity and target cell depletion in limiting primary infection and modulating pathology. Here, we model these interactions using detailed data from equine influenza virus infection, combining viral and immune (type I interferon) kinetics with estimates of cell depletion. The resulting dynamics indicate a powerful role for innate immunity in controlling the rapid peak in virus shedding. As a corollary, cells are much less depleted than suggested by a model of human influenza based only on virus-shedding data. We then explore how differences in the influence of viral proteins on interferon kinetics can account for the observed spectrum of virus shedding, immune response, and influenza pathology. In particular, induction of high levels of interferon ("cytokine storms"), coupled with evasion of its effects, could lead to severe pathology, as hypothesized for some fatal cases of influenza.
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Publication Date: 2010-02-03 PubMed ID: 20130053PubMed Central: PMC2849502DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02078-09Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on understanding the role of innate immunity and target cell depletion in controlling primary influenza virus infection and modulating its pathology. Using detailed data from equine influenza and combining it with viral and immune kinetics, the study’s models show that innate immunity significantly checks the rapid increase in virus shedding.

Overview of Research

  • The researchers are trying to understand the balance between the innate immune response and the depletion of target cells in a host during a pandemic influenza virus infection.
  • The research takes into account detailed data from equine influenza, to model the impacts of both immune systems and cellular responses on virus proliferation – or shedding – and the severity of resulting disease.

Key Findings

  • The study’s models bring out a striking revelation about the powerful role innate immunity plays in controlling the abrupt peak in virus shedding, indicating the body’s natural defenses are a major player in checking the spread of the virus.
  • On the contrary, target cells are much less depleted than what was earlier suggested by a human influenza model that relied solely on virus-shedding data.

Further Implications

  • The authors move on to explore how variations in the influence of viral proteins – specifically, the dynamics of type I interferon – on interferon kinetics can be accounted for the spectrum of virus shedding, immune response, and pathological manifestations which are observed during influenza.
  • In particular, the induction of high levels of interferon response, known as “cytokine storms”, coupled with an evasion of their effects by the virus, could lead to severe pathological conditions. This mechanism is considered a possibility for some fatal cases of influenza.

Significance of the Study

  • This research contributes to the scientific understanding of how innate immunity and target-cell depletion interplay during an influenza virus infection.
  • The insights could aid in the formulation of improved strategies for infection control and possibly guide the development of new antiviral therapeutics.

Cite This Article

APA
Saenz RA, Quinlivan M, Elton D, Macrae S, Blunden AS, Mumford JA, Daly JM, Digard P, Cullinane A, Grenfell BT, McCauley JW, Wood JL, Gog JR. (2010). Dynamics of influenza virus infection and pathology. J Virol, 84(8), 3974-3983. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02078-09

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 84
Issue: 8
Pages: 3974-3983

Researcher Affiliations

Saenz, Roberto A
  • Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom. ras93@cam.ac.uk
Quinlivan, Michelle
    Elton, Debra
      Macrae, Shona
        Blunden, Anthony S
          Mumford, Jennifer A
            Daly, Janet M
              Digard, Paul
                Cullinane, Ann
                  Grenfell, Bryan T
                    McCauley, John W
                      Wood, James L N
                        Gog, Julia R

                          MeSH Terms

                          • Animals
                          • Horse Diseases / immunology
                          • Horse Diseases / pathology
                          • Horse Diseases / virology
                          • Horses
                          • Immunity, Innate
                          • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
                          • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
                          • Interferons / metabolism
                          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
                          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / pathology
                          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
                          • Time Factors
                          • Virus Shedding

                          Grant Funding

                          • R01 GM083983 / NIGMS NIH HHS
                          • R24 HD047879 / NICHD NIH HHS
                          • BBS/B/00522 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
                          • R01 GM083983-01 / NIGMS NIH HHS

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