Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
EcPV2 DNA in equine papillomas and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas supports papillomavirus etiology.
Abstract: Equine penile papillomas, in situ carcinomas, and invasive carcinomas are hypothesized to belong to a continuum of papillomavirus-induced diseases. The former ones clinically present as small grey papules, while the latter 2 lesions are more hyperplasic or alternatively ulcerated. To test the hypothesis that these lesions are papillomavirus-induced, samples of 24 horses with characteristic clinical and histologic findings of penile papillomas or in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinomas were collected. As controls, 11 horses with various lesions--namely, Balanoposthitis (6 cases), melanoma (3 cases), follicular cyst (1 case), and amyloidosis (1 case)--were included. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction applied to amplify papillomavirus DNA. The respective primers were designed to amplify DNA of the recently discovered equine papillomavirus EcPV2. All tested papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma samples were found to contain DNA of either of 2 previously published EcPV2 variants. Among the other samples 6 of 11 were found to contain EcPV2 DNA. To further support the findings and to determine where the papillomavirus DNA was located within the lesions, an in situ hybridization for the detection of EcPV2 DNA was established. The samples tested by this technique were found to clearly contain papillomavirus nucleic acid concentrated in the nucleus of the koilocytes. The findings of this study support previous data and the hypothesis that papillomaviruses induce the described penile lesions in horses.
Publication Date: 2012-10-11 PubMed ID: 23064881DOI: 10.1177/0300985812463403Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research investigates the hypothesis that equine penile papillomas and both in situ and invasive forms of squamous cell carcinoma are induced by a papillomavirus. Using samples from 24 horses, the DNA was analyzed, and it was found that most of them contained DNA of EcPV2, an equine papillomavirus.
Research Methodology
- The researchers collected samples from 24 horses presenting with penile papillomas or in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinomas. These lesions are hypothesized to be caused by the papillomavirus.
- As a control group, samples were also taken from 11 horses with different lesions: 6 with Balanoposthitis, 3 with melanoma, 1 with a follicular cyst, and 1 with amyloidosis.
- DNA was extracted from these samples and polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify any papillomavirus DNA present.
- The primers used in this process were designed specifically for the equine papillomavirus EcPV2.
Findings
- All the samples taken from papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma lesions were found to contain DNA from either of 2 EcPV2 variants.
- Within the control group, 6 out of the 11 horses were found to carry EcPV2 DNA.
- An in situ hybridization technique was used to confirm the location of the papillomavirus DNA within the lesions. It was confirmed to be concentrated in the nucleus of koilocytes, the cells that are typically affected by papillomavirus.
Conclusion
The presence of EcPV2 DNA in all examined papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma lesions, as well as in some of the control samples, supports the hypothesis that these lesions might be induced by the papillomavirus. This study contributes to prior knowledge, suggesting that the equine papillomavirus may be the cause for the described penile lesions in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Lange CE, Tobler K, Lehner A, Grest P, Welle MM, Schwarzwald CC, Favrot C.
(2012).
EcPV2 DNA in equine papillomas and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas supports papillomavirus etiology.
Vet Pathol, 50(4), 686-692.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985812463403 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. clange@vetclinics.uzh.ch
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carcinoma in Situ / pathology
- Carcinoma in Situ / veterinary
- Carcinoma in Situ / virology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- In Situ Hybridization / veterinary
- Male
- Papilloma / pathology
- Papilloma / veterinary
- Papilloma / virology
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
- Papillomavirus Infections / pathology
- Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
- Papillomavirus Infections / virology
- Penile Neoplasms / pathology
- Penile Neoplasms / veterinary
- Penile Neoplasms / virology
- Penis / pathology
- Penis / virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Sequence Analysis, DNA / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Miglinci L, Reicher P, Nell B, Koch M, Jindra C, Brandt S. Detection of Equine Papillomaviruses and Gamma-Herpesviruses in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathogens 2023 Jan 23;12(2).
- De Paolis L, De Ciucis CG, Peletto S, Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Nervo T, Guardone L, Crescio MI, Pietrucci D, Fruscione F, Gabbianelli F, Turco S, Varello K, Donato GG, Maurella C, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Chillemi G, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9): First Detection in Asymptomatic Italian Horses. Viruses 2022 Sep 15;14(9).
- da Silva TRO, Gonçalves PNC, Marcus VB, Mucellini CI, Dos Santos IR, Kommers G, Driemeier D, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM. Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022 Sep;53(3):1707-1713.
- Ramsauer AS, Wachoski-Dark GL, Fraefel C, Ackermann M, Brandt S, Grest P, Knight CG, Favrot C, Tobler K. Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection. Viruses 2021 Jul 19;13(7).
- Mecocci S, Porcellato I, Armando F, Mechelli L, Brachelente C, Pepe M, Gialletti R, Passeri B, Modesto P, Ghelardi A, Cappelli K, Razzuoli E. Equine Genital Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with EcPV2 Infection: RANKL Pathway Correlated to Inflammation and Wnt Signaling Activation. Biology (Basel) 2021 Mar 21;10(3).
- Porcellato I, Mecocci S, Mechelli L, Cappelli K, Brachelente C, Pepe M, Orlandi M, Gialletti R, Passeri B, Ferrari A, Modesto P, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas as a Model for Human Disease: A Preliminary Investigation on Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cells 2020 Oct 27;9(11).
- Arthurs C, Suarez-Bonnet A, Willis C, Xie B, Machulla N, Mair TS, Cao K, Millar M, Thrasivoulou C, Priestnall SL, Ahmed A. Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma: expression of biomarker proteins and EcPV2. Sci Rep 2020 May 12;10(1):7863.
- Alloway E, Linder K, May S, Rose T, DeLay J, Bender S, Tucker A, Luff J. A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus-2 Infection. Vet Pathol 2020 May;57(3):427-431.
- Ramsauer AS, Wachoski-Dark GL, Fraefel C, Tobler K, Brandt S, Knight CG, Favrot C, Grest P. Paving the way for more precise diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions. BMC Vet Res 2019 Oct 22;15(1):356.
- Hibi H, Hatama S, Obata A, Shibahara T, Kadota K. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and papilloma associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 in a horse. J Vet Med Sci 2019 Jul 19;81(7):1029-1033.
- Ewald PW, Swain Ewald HA. Infection and cancer in multicellular organisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015 Jul 19;370(1673).
- Al-Hammadi MA. First report on equine papillomavirus type 1 in Arabian horses in Saudi Arabia: Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characterization. Open Vet J 2025 Apr;15(4):1798-1802.
- Tuomisto L, Virtanen J, Kegler K, Levanov L, Sukura A, Sironen T, Kareskoski M. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)-associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Med Sci 2024 Jan;10(1):e1342.
- Luff J, Weingart S, May S, Murphy B. A subset of equine oral squamous cell carcinomas is associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 infection. J Comp Pathol 2023 Aug;205:1-6.
- Demos LE, Munday JS, Lange CE, Bennett MD. Use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 in feline Bowenoid in situ carcinomas. J Feline Med Surg 2019 Jun;21(6):575-580.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
