Effect of a solution of hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate-N-acetyl glucosamine on the repair response of cartilage to single-impact load damage.
Abstract: To investigate effects of 1% hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate-N-acetyl glucosamine (HCNAG) on the damage repair response in equine articular cartilage. Methods: Articular cartilage from 9 clinically normal adult horses. Methods: Full-thickness cartilage disks were harvested from the third metacarpal bone. Cartilage was single-impact loaded (SIL) with 0.175 J at 0.7 m/s and cultured in DMEM plus 1 % (vol/vol) HCNAG or fibroblastic growth factor (FGF)-2 (50 ng/mL). Histologic and immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify tissue architecture and apoptotic cells and to immunolocalize type I and II collagen and proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA). Results: Type II collagen immunoreactivity increased in SIL cartilage, compared with control samples. At days 14 and 28 (day 0 = initiation of culture), control samples had significantly fewer repair cells than did other treatment groups. In control samples and SIL + HCNAG, there was a significant decrease in apoptotic cell number, compared with results for SIL and SIL + FGF-2 samples. At days 14 and 28, there was a significant increase in chondrocytes stained positive for PCNA in the control samples. Conclusions: 1% HCNAG significantly affected apoptotic and repair cell numbers in an SIL damage-repair technique in adult equine articular cartilage. However, HCNAG had no effect on the number of PCNA-positive chondrocytes or on type II collagen immunohistochemical results. The inclusion of 1% HCNAG in lavage solutions administered after arthroscopy may be beneficial to cartilage health by increasing the number of repair cells and decreasing the number of apoptotic cells.
Publication Date: 2012-01-28 PubMed ID: 22280395DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.2.306Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research aimed to study the effects of a solution containing hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and N-acetyl glucosamine (HCNAG) on the repair process of single-impact load (SIL) damage to horse joint cartilage. The study found that this solution positively affects the number of cells involved in repair and decreases the number of apoptotic (programmed cell death) cells, suggesting potential benefits to joint health following arthroscopy.
Methodology
- The study used articular cartilage harvested from the metacarpal bone of nine adult horses in good health. These cartilage disks were subjected to single-impact loaded damage using specific mechanical parameters.
- The damaged cartilage was then cultured in medium containing either 1% HCNAG or fibroblastic growth factor (FGF)-2, which is a substance known to promote cell growth.
- The changes then undergone by the cartilage, including alterations in the cellular architecture, the presence of apoptotic cells, and changes in the levels of type I and II collagen and proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA), were examined histologically and immunohistochemically at intervals of 14 and 28 days.
Results
- The study found an increase in type II collagen, vital for the structural integrity of cartilage, in the single-impact loaded cartilage compared to control samples.
- It was also found that control samples had fewer repair cells, a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was observed in the HCNAG-treated cartilages, suggesting a beneficial effect on cell survival.
- Furthermore, the treated cartilage samples had significantly more cells staining positive for PCNA, an indicator of cell proliferation and thus repair, compared to the control group at 14 and 28 days.
Conclusions
- Thus, the 1% HCNAG solution was seen to positively affect the number of repair cells and decrease cell apoptosis in the cartilage subjected to SIL damage.
- However, it didn’t significantly affect the number of PCNA-positive chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and didn’t show any noticeable impact on collagen type II levels according to immunohistochemical tests.
- Overall, the study suggests that including this solution in the wash-out solutions given after arthroscopy (a minimally invasive joint surgery), might aid in the healing and health maintenance of the joint by encouraging cell repair and curbing cell death.
Cite This Article
APA
Henson FM, Getgood AM, Caborn DM, McIlwraith CW, Rushton N.
(2012).
Effect of a solution of hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate-N-acetyl glucosamine on the repair response of cartilage to single-impact load damage.
Am J Vet Res, 73(2), 306-312.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.73.2.306 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, England, UK. fmdh1@cam.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Apoptosis / drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular / cytology
- Cartilage, Articular / drug effects
- Chondroitin Sulfates / pharmacology
- Glucosamine / pharmacology
- Horses
- Hyaluronic Acid / pharmacology
- Tissue Culture Techniques
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Duan WL, Zhang LN, Bohara R, Martin-Saldaña S, Yang F, Zhao YY, Xie Y, Bu YZ, Pandit A. Adhesive hydrogels in osteoarthritis: from design to application.. Mil Med Res 2023 Jan 30;10(1):4.
- Duan W, Zhao Y, Ren X, Zhao R, Li Q, Sun Z, Song W, Yang Y, Li P, Wei X. Combination of chondrocytes and chondrons improves extracellular matrix production to promote the repairs of defective knee cartilage in rabbits.. J Orthop Translat 2021 May;28:47-54.
- Brovold M, Almeida JI, Pla-Palacín I, Sainz-Arnal P, Sánchez-Romero N, Rivas JJ, Almeida H, Dachary PR, Serrano-Aulló T, Soker S, Baptista PM. Naturally-Derived Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications.. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018;1077:421-449.
- Duan X, Sandell LJ, Chinzei N, Holguin N, Silva MJ, Schiavinato A, Rai MF. Therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronan derivative and platelet-rich plasma in mice following axial tibial loading.. PLoS One 2017;12(4):e0175682.
- Cimini D, Iacono ID, Carlino E, Finamore R, Restaino OF, Diana P, Bedini E, Schiraldi C. Engineering S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus towards concurrent production of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin biopolymers of biomedical interest.. AMB Express 2017 Dec;7(1):61.
- Gulati K, Poluri KM. Mechanistic and therapeutic overview of glycosaminoglycans: the unsung heroes of biomolecular signaling.. Glycoconj J 2016 Feb;33(1):1-17.
- Bianchera A, Salomi E, Pezzanera M, Ruwet E, Bettini R, Elviri L. Chitosan hydrogels for chondroitin sulphate controlled release: an analytical characterization.. J Anal Methods Chem 2014;2014:808703.
- Ullah M, Hamouda H, Stich S, Sittinger M, Ringe J. A reliable protocol for the isolation of viable, chondrogenically differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from high-density pellet cultures.. Biores Open Access 2012 Dec;1(6):297-305.
- Getgood A, Spalding T. The evolution of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.. Open Orthop J 2012;6:287-94.
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