Effect of acepromazine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies.
Abstract: The effect of i.v. acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg bwt), butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg bwt) and a combination of acepromazine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined in 7 mixed-breed ponies. Ventilation was controlled, and blood pressure and temperature were maintained within normal limits. Following the determination of baseline MAC, treatments were administered to each pony in a random manner. The control treatment was normal saline. The baseline halothane dMAC for the control group was 0.91 +/- 0.04%, and no significant change occurred after saline administration. Acepromazine decreased (P = 0.0001) the halothane MAC from mean +/- s.e. 0.92 +/- 0.02% to 0.58 +/- 0.04%, and the combination of acepromazine and butorphanol, decreased (P = 0.003) halothane MAC, from mean +/- s.e. 0.95 +/- 0.04% to 0.59 +/- 0.06%. This represents a decrease of 36.9 and 37.8%, respectively. However, the difference between these 2 treatments was not significant. Butorphanol did not significantly change the mean group value for MAC; nevertheless, 3 ponies had an increase, one a decrease, while the MAC did not change in the remaining 3 ponies following butorphanol treatment.
Publication Date: 1997-11-05 PubMed ID: 9306064DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03142.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates how the intravenous drugs acepromazine, butorphanol, and their combination affect the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane, an anesthetic, in ponies.
Research Context
- The research focuses on understanding the impact of two drugs — acepromazine, a tranquillizer used in veterinary surgeries, and butorphanol, a painkiller, on the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of the anesthetic halothane in ponies.
- The MAC is a standard metric used to measure anesthesia. It describes the concentration of the anesthetic halothane required to prevent movement in response to a surgical stimulus in 50% of subjects. Thus, it gives an indication of the strength of the anesthetic required.
Methodology
- Seven mixed-breed ponies were involved in the study. They were given intravenous (i.v.) injections of either acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg bwt), butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg bwt), a combination of both drugs, or normal saline as the control.
- Ventilation, blood pressure, and temperature of the ponies were maintained within normal limits throughout the study to ensure the changes in MAC could be attributed solely to the drugs.
- The MAC value before the administration of the drugs (referred to as the baseline) and after were both noted.
Findings
- The administration of normal saline (the control) did not significantly affect the halothane MAC, indicating that the act of administration did not affect the MAC.
- The administration of acepromazine alone caused the MAC of halothane to significantly decrease. Similarly, the combination of acepromazine and butorphanol also significantly reduced the MAC of halothane. This indicates that these injections were able to increase the potency of the anesthetic halothane in ponies.
- The effect of butorphanol alone on the MAC was inconsistent across the ponies and did not significantly change the mean group value for MAC. This could suggest that the impact of butorphanol on the efficacy of the anesthetic is either minimal or variable across individual ponies.
Cite This Article
APA
Doherty TJ, Geiser DR, Rohrbach BW.
(1997).
Effect of acepromazine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies.
Equine Vet J, 29(5), 374-376.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03142.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Acepromazine / administration & dosage
- Acepromazine / pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Blood Pressure / physiology
- Body Temperature / drug effects
- Body Temperature / physiology
- Butorphanol / administration & dosage
- Butorphanol / pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists / administration & dosage
- Dopamine Antagonists / pharmacology
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Halothane / metabolism
- Horses / metabolism
- Horses / physiology
- Injections, Intravenous / methods
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Pulmonary Alveoli / metabolism
- Pulmonary Ventilation / drug effects
- Pulmonary Ventilation / physiology
- Random Allocation
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Cunneen A, Pratt S, Perkins N, McEwen M, Truchetti G, Rainger J, Farry T, Kidd L, Goodwin W. Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Ketamine, Medetomidine and Midazolam as Part of a Balanced Anaesthesia Technique in Horses Undergoing Castration. Vet Sci 2021 Jul 26;8(8).
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