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Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee1977; 41(4); 471-478;

Effect of age and pregnancy on the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses of horses to equine herpesvirus 1.

Abstract: The cell-mediated immune response and antibody response of horses of varying ages and of pregnant horses to equine herpesvirus 1 antigen were examined. Six to eight month old horses showed either no increase or slight increases in anti-equine herpesvirus 1 serum neutralizing antibody following vaccination and revaccination with a modified live equine herpesvirus 1 vaccine. However, these same horses showed a marked increase in the cell-mediated immune response to equine herpesvirus 1 as measured by the lymphocyte transformation test. Eighteen to 21 month old horses showed four to 64-fold increases in anti-equine herpesvirus 1 serum neutralizing antibody titer following vaccination, but the cell-mediated immune response to equine herpesvirus 1 was low or absent. Only after revaccination did they show an increased cell-mediated immune response to equine herpesvirus 1. The cell-mediated immune response of mares in the latter stages of pregnancy to equine herpesivurs 1 was suppressed although antibody titers increased as much as 16-fold following exposure to virulent equine herpesvirus 1.
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Publication Date: 1977-10-01 PubMed ID: 200320PubMed Central: PMC1277750
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates how the immune responses, both the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells, to equine herpesvirus 1 vary according to the age and pregnancy status of horses. The study finds that younger horses have a stronger immune cell reaction, but not necessarily a stronger antibody response. Pregnant mares, in contrast, experience a suppressed immune cell response but increase their antibody production following exposure to the virus.

What This Study Explores

  • This research examines the responses of the immune system in horses to to equine herpesvirus 1, a common virus in horses that can cause respiratory disease, abortion in pregnant mares, and neurological issues.
  • The researchers tested horses of different ages and pregnancy statuses to see how these factors impacted the immune response. The two aspects of the immune response they focused on were the antibody response and the cell-mediated response, which involves the actions of immune cells such as T-cells and B-cells.
  • The method of study was to vaccinate these horses with a modified version of the equine herpesvirus 1 and then track how their immune responses changed.

Key Findings

  • Young horses, between 6 and 8 months old, don’t increase their production of antibodies specific to equine herpesvirus 1 significantly following vaccination or re-vaccination. However, their immune cells do respond strongly to the virus.
  • Horses aged between 18 and 21 months increase their antibody production four to 64 times following vaccination, but their cell-mediated immunity to the virus is low or absent in response to the first exposure. This cell-mediated response does increase following re-vaccination.
  • Pregnant mares in the later stages of pregnancy show a suppressed cell-mediated immune response to the virus, even though they increase their antibody production as much as 16 times following exposure to a potent form of the virus.

Takeaways for the Field

  • Different members of a horse population – such as young horses versus adult ones, or pregnant versus non-pregnant ones – may respond very differently to an infection or a vaccination.
  • This suggests that targeted vaccination schedules and treatments could be developed for different groups of horses. It also raises questions about how pregnancy affects the immune response in horses, which could be useful in managing the health of broodmares.

Cite This Article

APA
Gerber JD, Marron AE, Bass EP, Beckenhauer WH. (1977). Effect of age and pregnancy on the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses of horses to equine herpesvirus 1. Can J Comp Med, 41(4), 471-478.

Publication

Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee
ISSN: 0008-4050
NlmUniqueID: 0151747
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 471-478

Researcher Affiliations

Gerber, J D
    Marron, A E
      Bass, E P
        Beckenhauer, W H

          MeSH Terms

          • Age Factors
          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / analysis
          • Female
          • Herpesviridae / immunology
          • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
          • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horses / immunology
          • Immunity, Cellular
          • Male
          • Pregnancy
          • Pregnancy, Animal
          • Vaccination

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 3 times.
          1. Abas O, Abdo W, Kasem S, Alwazzan A, Saleh AG, Saleh IG, Fukushi H, Yanai T, Haridy M. Time Course-Dependent Study on Equine Herpes Virus 9-Induced Abortion in Syrian Hamsters. Animals (Basel) 2020 Aug 7;10(8).
            doi: 10.3390/ani10081369pubmed: 32784541google scholar: lookup
          2. Bridges CG, Edington N. Genetic restriction of cytolysis during equid herpesvirus 1 subtype 2 infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1987 Nov;70(2):276-82.
            pubmed: 2827921
          3. Bittle JL, Muir S. Vaccines produced by conventional means to control major infectious diseases of man and animals. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 1989;33:1-63.
            doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039233-9.50005-6pubmed: 2648772google scholar: lookup
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