Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses.
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of arthroscopic lavage on systemic serum amyloid A (SAA) and SAA, total protein, nucleated cell count, and percentage of neutrophils in synovial fluid in healthy horses. Methods: Prospective experimental study. Methods: Healthy adult horses (n = 6). Methods: Middle carpal joints were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: arthrocentesis (controls) or arthroscopic lavage, with 30 day washout period between treatments. Synovial fluid and blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Measurements included systemic and synovial fluid SAA, as well as total protein, nucleated cell count, and percentages of neutrophils in synovial fluid. Data were analyzed by median quantile regression and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and significance level set at P < .05. Results: Systemic and synovial fluid SAA did not increase from baseline (except systemic SAA at 24 hours for both treatments) and were not significantly different between treatments. Total protein values were significantly increased after arthroscopic lavage (except at 96 hours) but not in controls at all time points. With both treatments, nucleated cell counts significantly increased from baseline values at all time points. Percentages of neutrophils were significantly increased after arthroscopic lavage at all time points, but only at 24 hours in controls. Conclusions: Total protein, nucleated cell count, and percentage of neutrophils in synovial fluid were significantly increased after arthroscopic lavage; however, synovial fluid SAA was not affected by this procedure. Further research is warranted to validate synovial fluid SAA as a monitoring tool during treatment of septic arthritis.
© Copyright 2016 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Publication Date: 2016-01-15 PubMed ID: 26767549DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12439Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study investigates the impact of arthroscopic lavage, a surgical procedure usually used for the treatment of arthritis, on systemic and synovial fluid Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in healthy horses, as well as other factors such as total protein and neutrophil percentages.
Study Design and Methodology
- The study was a prospective experiment involving healthy adult horses. The middle carpal joints of these horses were subjected to two treatments: arthrocentesis (which served as a control) or arthroscopic lavage.
- A washout period of thirty days was permitted between treatments to ensure any effects of the first treatment had worn off before the second treatment was administered.
- Researchers collected blood and synovial fluid samples from the horses at intervals – 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours – after each treatment. They then measured the levels of systemic and synovial fluid SAA, total protein, nucleated cell count, and percentages of neutrophils present in the synovial fluid of the horses.
Results
- The levels of systemic and synovial fluid SAA did not increase from the base value (except at 24 hours post-treatments).
- The protein levels in the synovial fluid of the horses were noticeably higher following arthroscopic lavage at all time points, except 96 hours.
- The count of nucleated cells rose significantly from the baseline values at all times following both treatments.
- There was a significant rise in the percentage of neutrophils post-arthroscopic lavage at all-time points. For the control group (arthrocentesis), this increase was only observed at 24 hours.
Conclusions
- The increase in total protein, nucleated cell count, and percentage of neutrophils post-arthroscopic lavage indicates the procedure does have a significant impact on these factors in a horse’s synovial fluid.
- However, this surgical procedure did not significantly affect synovial fluid SAA values.
- These findings propose further studies to confirm whether synovial fluid SAA can be effectively monitored during septic arthritis treatment.
Cite This Article
APA
Sanchez-Teran AF, Bracamonte JL, Hendrick S, Burguess HJ, Duke-Novakovski T, Schott M, Hoff B, Rubio-Martínez LM.
(2016).
Effect of Arthroscopic Lavage on Systemic and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A in Healthy Horses.
Vet Surg, 45(2), 223-230.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.12439 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Animal Health Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Services, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
- Joint Diseases / veterinary
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
- Synovial Fluid / cytology
- Synovial Fluid / metabolism
- Therapeutic Irrigation / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Jacobsen S, Mortensen CD, Høj EA, Vinther AM, Berg LC, Adler DMT, Verwilghen D, van Galen G. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Synovial Fluid from Horses with and without Septic Arthritis. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 21;13(1).
- Thurston CC, Stefanovski D, MacKinnon MC, Chapman HS, Richardson DW, Levine DG. Serum amyloid A and fibrinogen as markers for early detection of surgical site infection associated with internal fixation in the horse. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:960865.
- Frydendal C, Nielsen KB, Berg LC, van Galen G, Adler DMT, Andreassen SM, Jacobsen S. Influence of clinical and experimental intra-articular inflammation on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations in horses. Vet Surg 2021 Apr;50(3):641-649.
- Yoshimura S, Koziy RV, Dickinson R, Moshynskyy I, McKenzie JA, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Use of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid to detect eradication of infection in experimental septic arthritis in horses. Can J Vet Res 2020 Jul;84(3):198-204.
- Sinovich M, Villarino NF, Singer E, Robinson CS, Rubio-Martínez LM. Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?. Vet Rec 2020 Sep 19;187(6):235.
- Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
- Koziy RV, Yoshimura S, Dickinson R, Rybicka JM, Moshynskyy I, Ngeleka M, Bracamonte JL, Simko E. Use of standard diagnostic techniques to determine eradication of infection in experimental equine septic arthritis. Can J Vet Res 2019 Jan;83(1):24-33.
- Witkowska-Piłaszewicz OD, Żmigrodzka M, Winnicka A, Miśkiewicz A, Strzelec K, Cywińska A. Serum amyloid A in equine health and disease. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):293-298.
- Anderson JR, Phelan MM, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ, Rubio-Martinez LM. Synovial Fluid Metabolites Differentiate between Septic and Nonseptic Joint Pathologies. J Proteome Res 2018 Aug 3;17(8):2735-2743.
- Robinson CS, Singer ER, Piviani M, Rubio-Martinez LM. Are serum amyloid A or D-lactate useful to diagnose synovial contamination or sepsis in horses?. Vet Rec 2017 Oct 21;181(16):425.
- Haltmayer E, Schwendenwein I, Licka TF. Course of serum amyloid A (SAA) plasma concentrations in horses undergoing surgery for injuries penetrating synovial structures, an observational clinical study. BMC Vet Res 2017 May 22;13(1):137.
- Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025 Jan;37(1):42-54.
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