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Effect of body condition, body weight and adiposity on inflammatory cytokine responses in old horses.
Abstract: Advanced age is associated with a low-grade, systemic inflammatory response characterized by increased inflammatory cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo, termed inflamm-aging. It is also known that increased white adipose tissue, associated with obesity, leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines. To date, it is unknown whether increased adiposity contributes to the age-related increased inflammatory status. Here we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from old horses compared to young horses have increased inflammatory cytokine production; moreover, fat old horses compared to thin old horses have even greater frequencies of lymphocytes and monocytes producing inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we proposed that decreasing adiposity in old horses would reduce age-associated increases of inflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo, and increasing adiposity in old horses would increase these measurements. To test this hypothesis further, eight old obese horses (20-28 year) were assigned to two consecutive treatments, dietary restriction (DR) during weeks 1-12 and increased dietary intake (DI) during weeks 13-30. Body weight, body condition score (BCS) and percent body fat were measured weekly. PBMC were stimulated in vitro and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production was measured by intracellular staining. Levels of nascent IFNgamma and TNFalpha mRNA expression were examined by RT-PCR. Serum concentrations of TNFalpha protein were also measured weekly. Reducing body weight and fat in old horses significantly reduced the percent of IFNgamma and TNFalpha positive lymphocytes and monocytes, and serum levels of TNFalpha protein. Further, when weight and fat increased in these old horses there was a significant increase in inflammatory cytokine production. Regression analysis also revealed significant relationships. These findings demonstrate that age-related obesity potentially plays a role in the dysregulation of inflammatory cytokine production by the immune system with age or inflamm-aging in the horse.
Publication Date: 2008-10-31 PubMed ID: 19097648DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.323Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study examines the effect of body weight, body condition, and body fat on inflammatory responses in older horses. It finds that aged and overweight horses have increased production of inflammatory cytokines, and this phenomenon can be reduced by managing their body weight and fat percentage.
Methodology and Objective
- In this experiment, researchers aimed to learn if increased fat levels in older horses contribute to age-related inflammation marked by enhanced inflammatory cytokine production, also known as inflamm-aging.
- To establish this, they used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from old and young horses and compared the inflammatory response.
- A group of eight old obese horses aged between 20 and 28 years were put through two consecutive dietary treatments for testing this hypothesis.
Experiment Procedure & Results
- In the first phase (Week 1 to Week 12), the horses went through Dietary Restriction (DR) followed by Increased Dietary Intake (DI) in the second phase (Week 13 to Week 30).
- Throughout the experiment, measurements of body weight, body condition score (BCS), and body fat percentage were taken weekly.
- Meanwhile, the PBMCs were stimulated in vitro and production of two inflammatory cytokines namely, IFNgamma (Interferon Gamma) and TNFalpha (Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha) were measured.
- The mRNA (messenger RNA) expression levels of these IFNgamma and TNFalpha were also examined, and serum concentrations of TNFalpha protein were measured weekly.
- It was observed that when body weight and fat decreased in the old horses due to the dietary restriction, it significantly reduced the percentage of IFNgamma and TNFalpha-positive lymphocytes and monocytes, and also serum levels of the TNFalpha protein.
- On the contrary, when the weight and fat increased in these old horses with increased dietary intake, there was a significant increase in the production of these inflammatory cytokines.
Conclusion and Findings
- The research revealed that age-related obesity potentially plays a significant role in the dysregulation of inflammatory cytokine production by the immune system, leading to ‘inflamm-aging’ in horses.
- Therefore, managing the weight and adiposity of older horses can help mitigate these inflammatory responses and potentially reduce adverse health effects related to inflamm-aging.
Cite This Article
APA
Adams AA, Katepalli MP, Kohler K, Reedy SE, Stilz JP, Vick MM, Fitzgerald BP, Lawrence LM, Horohov DW.
(2008).
Effect of body condition, body weight and adiposity on inflammatory cytokine responses in old horses.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 127(3-4), 286-294.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.323 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Adipose Tissue / physiology
- Aging / physiology
- Animal Feed
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Animals
- Body Composition / physiology
- Body Weight / physiology
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Diet / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Time Factors
Citations
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