Effect of high volume epidural morphine, ketamine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies.
Abstract: This study determined the effects of epidurally administered morphine, ketamine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in ponies. Seven ponies were anaesthetised with thiopentone and succinylcholine, intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane. Ventilation was controlled and blood pressure was maintained within normal limits. Following the determination of baseline halothane MAC for the pelvic and thoracic limbs the ponies were given morphine (0.1 mg/kg bwt), ketamine (0.8 or 1.2 mg/kg bwt), butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg bwt) or saline, epidurally, to a final volume of 0.15 ml/kg bwt. The halothane MAC for the pelvic and thoracic limbs was redetermined following each treatment. The baseline halothane MAC for the control group was mean +/- s.e. 0.85 +/- 0.02% and no significant change occurred after saline administration. Morphine significantly (P = 0.002) decreased MAC from, mean +/- s.e. 0.90 +/- 0.05% to 0.77 +/- 0.06% in the pelvic limb. Ketamine significantly decreased MAC in the pelvic limb from mean +/- s.e. 0.86 +/- 0.06% to 0.71 +/- 0.04%, and 0.82 +/- 0.03% to 0.71 +/- 0.02%, for the low (P = 0.008) and high dose (P = 0.001), respectively. No significant change in MAC occurred following butorphanol. No treatment reduced halothane MAC for the thoracic limb.
Publication Date: 1997-11-05 PubMed ID: 9306063DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03141.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article surveys the potential impacts of the administration of morphine, ketamine, and butorphanol, through an epidural, on the minimum concentration of halothane required to keep ponies anesthetized. It was noticed that morphine and ketamine significantly decreased the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) required to sustain anesthesia in the pelvic limbs of ponies. Butorphanol, however, exhibited no significant change.
Methodology
- Seven ponies were anesthetized using thiopentone and succinylcholine, intubated and then maintained under anesthesia with halothane.
- Blood pressure and ventilation were systematically controlled and kept within normal parameters.
- Baseline halothane MAC for pelvic and thoracic limbs were measured.
- Ponies were then epidurally administered morphine, ketamine, butorphanol, or saline, at measured quantities according to their body weight.
- Halothane MAC for the pelvic and thoracic limbs was redetermined following each treatment.
Findings
- The baseline halothane MAC for the control group was found to remain approximately the same (0.85 +/- 0.02%) after saline administration, indicating that the saline had no effect.
- Morphine resulted in a significant decrease (P = 0.002) in halothane MAC from a mean of 0.90% to 0.77% in the pelvic limb.
- Ketamine also led to a significant decrease in halothane MAC in the pelvic limb from a mean of 0.86% to 0.71%, and 0.82% to 0.71%, for the low and high dose, respectively.
- Butorphanol, contrastingly, showed no significant change in halothane MAC.
- None of the applied treatments resulted in a reduction in halothane MAC for the thoracic limb.
Conclusion
In conclusion, both morphine and ketamine, when administered epidurally, considerably decreased the halothane MAC required for anesthesia in the pelvic limbs of ponies. However, butorphanol showed no substantial change. The treatments showed no effects on the thoracic limbs of the ponies with no noteworthy changes in halothane MAC observed.
Cite This Article
APA
Doherty TJ, Geiser DR, Rohrbach BW.
(1997).
Effect of high volume epidural morphine, ketamine and butorphanol on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies.
Equine Vet J, 29(5), 370-373.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03141.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 37901, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Analgesics / administration & dosage
- Analgesics / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Dissociative / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Dissociative / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Blood Pressure / physiology
- Butorphanol / administration & dosage
- Butorphanol / pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Halothane / metabolism
- Horses / metabolism
- Horses / physiology
- Injections, Epidural / methods
- Injections, Epidural / veterinary
- Ketamine / administration & dosage
- Ketamine / pharmacology
- Male
- Morphine / administration & dosage
- Morphine / pharmacology
- Pulmonary Alveoli / chemistry
- Pulmonary Alveoli / metabolism
- Pulmonary Ventilation / drug effects
- Pulmonary Ventilation / physiology
- Random Allocation
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Ekstrand C, Sterning M, Bohman L, Edner A. Lumbo-sacral epidural anaesthesia as a complement to dissociative anaesthesia during scrotal herniorrhaphy of livestock pigs in the field. Acta Vet Scand 2015 Jun 24;57(1):33.
- Freitas GC, Carregaro AB, Gehrcke MI, De La Côrte FD, Lara VM, Pozzobon R, Brass KE. Epidural analgesia with morphine or buprenorphine in ponies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced carpal synovitis. Can J Vet Res 2011 Apr;75(2):141-6.
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