Effect of influenza A/equine/H3N8 virus isolate variation on the measurement of equine antibody responses.
Abstract: This study has tested the effect of using homologous or heterologous equine influenza A virus isolates to evaluate serum antibody levels to influenza A virus in vaccinated and naturally-infected horses. In addition, the potential effect of antigenic selection of virus variants in egg versus tissue culture propagation systems was studied. Serum antibody levels in samples from horses recently infected with a local influenza A virus isolate (A/equine 2/Saskatoon/1/90) or recently vaccinated with a prototype isolate (A/equine 2/Miami/1/63) were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition and by single radial hemolysis using cell or egg-propagated A/equine 2/Saskatoon/1/90, A/equine 2/Miami/1/63 or A/equine 2/Fontainebleau/1/79. There were no significant differences in hemagglutination inhibition or single radial hemolysis antibody levels obtained with homologous or heterologous isolates or between viruses propagated in either eggs or cell culture. However there was a trend to higher titers in the hemagglutination inhibition assay when cell-propagated virus was used. These results suggest that antigenic variation in equine influenza A virus isolates and host-cell selection of antigenic variants during virus propagation may not be of sufficient magnitude to influence serological evaluation of antibody responses by hemagglutination inhibition or single radial hemolysis.
Publication Date: 1993-04-01 PubMed ID: 8387870PubMed Central: PMC1263606
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article investigates how different horse flu virus strains affect serum antibody measurements in horses that have either been vaccinated or naturally infected. The study also examines the potential impact of antigenic selection of virus variants in different propagation systems.
Experiment Overview
- The study explores how the use of identical (homologous) or different (heterologous) strains of horse flu (equine influenza A) virus impacts the assessment of serum antibody levels in horses. The horses in the study had either been vaccinated or had naturally contracted the flu.
- In addition to this, the researchers looked into the possible effects of antigenic selection of virus variants in either egg or tissue culture propagation systems. Antigenic selection essentially refers to the process where specific variants of a virus are preferred or selected, which can be influenced by the environment in which the virus is cultivated.
Methodology
- Serum antibody levels in samples from horses were studied after infection with a local influenza A virus strain or after vaccination with a prototype virus strain.
- The study used two types of tests – hemagglutination inhibition and single radial hemolysis – to assess the levels of these antibodies. These tests were carried out using various combination of virus strains that were propagated or grown in either cell or egg environments.
Findings
- The researchers found no significant differences in antibody levels when either homologous or heterologous isolates were used, or between viruses grown in egg or cell cultures.
- However, there was a slight trend towards higher values in the hemagglutination inhibition test when a cell-grown virus was used.
Conclusion
- The findings suggest that changes in equine influenza A virus strains and the selection of specific strains during virus propagation, may not significantly affect the serological evaluation of antibody responses. This means that when measuring antibody responses in horses through these common tests, it may not matter which specific virus strain or propagation method is used.
Cite This Article
APA
Bogdan JR, Morley PS, Townsend HG, Haines DM.
(1993).
Effect of influenza A/equine/H3N8 virus isolate variation on the measurement of equine antibody responses.
Can J Vet Res, 57(2), 126-130.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Respiratory Disease Research Group, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / veterinary
- Hemolytic Plaque Technique
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
References
This article includes 10 references
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- Oxford JS, Schild GC, Potter CW, Jennings R. The specificity of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response induced in man by inactivated influenza vaccines and by natural infection.. J Hyg (Lond) 1979 Feb;82(1):51-61.
- Fontaine M, Fontaine MP, Aymard M, Moraillon A. [Recent epidemic of equine influenza in France (author's transl)].. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1980;3(1-2):75-82.
- WADDELL GH, TEIGLAND MB, SIGEL MM. A NEW INFLUENZA VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH EQUINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1963 Sep 15;143:587-90.
- Schild GC, Oxford JS, de Jong JC, Webster RG. Evidence for host-cell selection of influenza virus antigenic variants.. Nature 1983 Jun 23-29;303(5919):706-9.
- de Jong JC, de Ronde-Verloop FM, Veenendaal-van Herk TM, Weijers TF, Bijlsma K, Osterhaus AD. Antigenic heterogeneity within influenza A (H3N2) virus strains.. Bull World Health Organ 1988;66(1):47-55.
- Wilson IA, Cox NJ. Structural basis of immune recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin.. Annu Rev Immunol 1990;8:737-71.
- Cook RF, Cook SJ. Differences in sensitivity in haemagglutinin inhibition assays between A/equine/H3N8 viruses isolated in eggs and MDCK cells are linked to cleavage of the haemagglutinin molecule.. Vet Microbiol 1991 May;27(3-4):253-61.
- Hinshaw VS, Naeve CW, Webster RG, Douglas A, Skehel JJ, Bryans J. Analysis of antigenic variation in equine 2 influenza A viruses.. Bull World Health Organ 1983;61(1):153-8.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
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