Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Effect of repeated through-and-through joint lavage on serum amyloid A in synovial fluid from healthy horses.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of through-and-through joint lavage on systemic and synovial serum amyloid A (SAA), total protein, nucleated cell count and percentage of neutrophils in the synovial fluid of six healthy horses. A prospective experimental study was performed where one healthy tarsocrural joint of each horse was randomly assigned to receive repeated through-and-through joint lavage at 0, 48 and 96 h. Synovial fluid and blood samples were collected at 0 (baseline), 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. Systemic and synovial SAA, total protein, nucleated cell count and percentage of neutrophils were measured and compared to baseline. Concentrations of systemic and synovial SAA percentage of neutrophils were not increased from baseline in contrast to total protein and nucleated cell counts (except for nucleated cell count at 96 h). In conclusion, repeated through-and-through joint lavage did not affect synovial SAA concentrations in horses; however, synovial total protein and nucleated cell count values increased. Some of the total protein and nucleated cell count values observed in this study were within the range reported for septic arthritis 24 h after joint lavage. Hence, synovial SAA may be a valuable marker to evaluate the clinical progression of septic joints after through-and-through joint lavage. Clinical studies evaluating synovial fluid SAA concentrations while treating synovial sepsis with through-and-through joint lavage are warranted.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2016-01-11 PubMed ID: 26831179DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.001Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research article evaluates the impact of repeated joint washing on the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), a marker of inflammation, in both blood and synovial fluid of healthy horses. The study found that this procedure didn’t increase SAA but did cause an increase in total protein and nucleated cell count in the synovial fluid.
Object of the Study
- The research aimed to study the effect of a procedure known as through-and-through joint lavage on various elements of synovial fluid and blood in horses. This procedure involves washing a joint cavity with a saline solution to remove inflammatory debris and is often used in the treatment of joint diseases in horses.
Procedure and Data Collection
- A total of six healthy horses were included in the study. For each horse, a healthy tarsocrural joint (joint of the leg) was chosen to undergo the joint lavage procedure at specified intervals i.e., 0, 48 and 96 hours.
- Synovial fluid and blood samples were collected at different time points (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) for comparison to baseline.
- The samples were analyzed for their levels of serum amyloid A (SAA – a protein that increases with inflammation), total protein, nucleated cell count and the percentage of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell).
Results
- Despite undergoing repeated lavage, the joint showed no increase in the levels of systemic and synovial SAA or the neutrophil percentage when compared to baseline.
- However, there was an increase in the total protein and nucleated cell count in the synovial fluid following the lavage. This exception was for the nucleated cell count at the 96 hour mark which did not change.
Conclusions
- The repeated joint lavage did not impact synovial SAA but did increase total protein and nucleated cell count in the synovial fluid.
- Interestingly, some of these protein and cell count levels resembled those in septic arthritis 24 hours after lavage, suggesting that synovial SAA might be a useful tool in gauging the progression of septic joints after joint lavage.
- Therefore, the authors recommend further clinical studies investigating synovial fluid SAA levels when treating joint sepsis with joint lavage.
Cite This Article
APA
Sanchez-Teran AF, Bracamonte JL, Hendrick S, Riddell L, Musil K, Hoff B, Rubio-Martínez LM.
(2016).
Effect of repeated through-and-through joint lavage on serum amyloid A in synovial fluid from healthy horses.
Vet J, 210, 30-33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4. Electronic address: andres.sanchez@usask.ca.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomarkers / metabolism
- Horses
- Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
- Prospective Studies
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
- Synovial Fluid / cytology
- Synovial Fluid / metabolism
- Therapeutic Irrigation / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Thurston CC, Stefanovski D, MacKinnon MC, Chapman HS, Richardson DW, Levine DG. Serum amyloid A and fibrinogen as markers for early detection of surgical site infection associated with internal fixation in the horse. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:960865.
- Vajs T, Nekouei O, Biermann NM. A Descriptive Study of the Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome of Horses with Acute Soft Tissue Trauma of the Tarsus and the Association with Synovial Involvement. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 21;12(4).
- Frydendal C, Nielsen KB, Berg LC, van Galen G, Adler DMT, Andreassen SM, Jacobsen S. Influence of clinical and experimental intra-articular inflammation on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations in horses. Vet Surg 2021 Apr;50(3):641-649.
- Yoshimura S, Koziy RV, Dickinson R, Moshynskyy I, McKenzie JA, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Use of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid to detect eradication of infection in experimental septic arthritis in horses. Can J Vet Res 2020 Jul;84(3):198-204.
- Sinovich M, Villarino NF, Singer E, Robinson CS, Rubio-Martínez LM. Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?. Vet Rec 2020 Sep 19;187(6):235.
- Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
- Anderson JR, Smagul A, Simpson D, Clegg PD, Rubio-Martinez LM, Peffers MJ. The synovial fluid proteome differentiates between septic and nonseptic articular pathologies. J Proteomics 2019 Jun 30;202:103370.
- Koziy RV, Yoshimura S, Dickinson R, Rybicka JM, Moshynskyy I, Ngeleka M, Bracamonte JL, Simko E. Use of standard diagnostic techniques to determine eradication of infection in experimental equine septic arthritis. Can J Vet Res 2019 Jan;83(1):24-33.
- Anderson JR, Phelan MM, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ, Rubio-Martinez LM. Synovial Fluid Metabolites Differentiate between Septic and Nonseptic Joint Pathologies. J Proteome Res 2018 Aug 3;17(8):2735-2743.
- Robinson CS, Singer ER, Piviani M, Rubio-Martinez LM. Are serum amyloid A or D-lactate useful to diagnose synovial contamination or sepsis in horses?. Vet Rec 2017 Oct 21;181(16):425.
- Haltmayer E, Schwendenwein I, Licka TF. Course of serum amyloid A (SAA) plasma concentrations in horses undergoing surgery for injuries penetrating synovial structures, an observational clinical study. BMC Vet Res 2017 May 22;13(1):137.
- Bungărdean D, Pall E, Daradics Z, Popescu M, Tripon MA, Lupșan AF, Crecan CM, Morar IA, Nicolescu A, Bora FD, Marcus I. In Vitro Effects of PRP, Ozonized PRP, Hyaluronic Acid, Paracetamol, and Polyacrylamide on Equine Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2025 Oct 4;15(10).
- Beggan CP, Panizzi L, Oliver LJ. Efficacy of needle and endoscopic lavage on the recuperation of microspheres from the adult equine metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joint and digital flexor tendon sheath. Vet Surg 2025 Aug;54(6):1157-1166.
- Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025 Jan;37(1):42-54.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
