Effect of sample storage on blood crossmatching in horses.
Abstract: Blood samples banked for up to 1 month are typically used to perform pretransfusion testing in humans and small animals, but this has not been validated using blood from horses. Objective: Compatibility of equine blood samples is repeatable using fresh samples, and reproducible using donor blood samples stored for up to 4 weeks. Methods: Six healthy adult horses. Methods: Randomized, blinded experimental study. Immunologic compatibility of the blood of all horses was assessed using a major and minor saline agglutination and hemolysin crossmatch using blood samples refrigerated for 0-4 weeks and fresh blood from the same horses. Crossmatch results were scored and then compared to identify changes of compatibility in each of the 4 tests. In addition, repeatability of the crossmatch technique itself was assessed by performing 6 iterations of this procedure in immediate succession with fresh blood from 3 horses. Results: No significant difference in crossmatch results was found using fresh blood (P = .39-1.00). Reproducibility was poor using blood stored for 1-4 weeks, especially in tests using stored erythrocytes (major antigen crossmatches), with significant differences from baseline at all weeks (P < .05); 13 of these differences were positive, indicating poorer compatibility. Conclusions: Equine blood crossmatching is repeatable using fresh blood, although decreased apparent compatibility after storage makes exclusion of compatible donors more likely than mistaken administration of incompatible blood. These data suggest that fresh samples should be collected from potential donors before crossmatching equine blood.
Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2012-03-28 PubMed ID: 22458345DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00913.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research paper explores the reliability of crossmatching stored equine blood samples for transfusion purposes, suggesting it is more accurate to use fresh blood as stored samples decrease compatibility.
Research Objectives and Methodology
- The main aim of this research was to verify whether the compatibility of equine blood samples could be reliably repeated using freshly drawn samples and reproduce the same results with donor blood samples stored for up to four weeks.
- This study was carried out on six healthy adult horses, following a randomized and blinded experimental design.
- The team used both a major and minor saline agglutination and hemolysin crossmatch to assess the immunologic compatibility of the horses’ blood.
- Samples were taken at the start of the test, which was refrigerated, and then more samples were taken every week for a month.
- The crossmatch results were scored and compared to identify any changes in compatibility over the research term.
- The repeatability of the crossmatch technique was also reviewed by carrying out six successive iterations of the process with fresh blood from three horses.
Research Findings
- The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in crossmatch results when using fresh blood.
- However, the study found that the reproducibility of the results was poor when blood stored between 1-4 weeks was used, particularly in tests involving stored red blood cells (major antigen crossmatches).
- All weeks showed significant differences from the baseline;
- Out of these differences, 13 resulted in a lower compatibility match than the original, indicating a decrease in compatibility and a higher probability of mistakenly excluding compatible donors.
Conclusions
- The study concludes that crossmatching for equine blood transfusions is more reliable and repeatable when using fresh blood samples.
- These results suggest that stored blood may result in erroneously excluding potential donors, and hence, fresh samples should ideally be collected from potential donors before performing crossmatches for equine blood.
Cite This Article
APA
Harris M, Nolen-Walston R, Ashton W, May M, Jackson K, Boston R.
(2012).
Effect of sample storage on blood crossmatching in horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 26(3), 662-667.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00913.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Agglutination Tests / veterinary
- Animals
- Blood Group Antigens / analysis
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / methods
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / veterinary
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Male
- Regression Analysis
- Reproducibility of Results
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Kretsch CM, Alonso FH, Buktenica M, Heller MC. Agglutination and hemolytic crossmatching to determine transfusion reaction differences between large and small breed goats. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Jul-Aug;37(4):1594-1602.
- Herter L, Weingart C, Merten N, Bock N, Merle R, Kohn B. Alloimmunization in dogs after transfusion: A serial cross-match study. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Sep;36(5):1660-1668.
- Musk GC, Usuda H, Kershaw H, Kemp MW, Sharp CR. Maternal-fetal Blood Major Crossmatching in Merino Sheep. Comp Med 2020 Aug 1;70(4):355-358.
- Proverbio D, Perego R, Baggiani L, Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Nobile F, Spada E. Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jul 13;10(7).
- Fenn MS, Bortsie-Aryee AD, Perkins GA, Mann S, Tomlinson JE, Wood EM, Mix SE, Stokol T. Agreement of stall-side and laboratory major crossmatch tests with the reference standard method in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):941-948.
- McClosky ME, Cimino Brown D, Weinstein NM, Chappini N, Taney MT, Marryott K, Callan MB. Prevalence of naturally occurring non-AB blood type incompatibilities in cats and influence of crossmatch on transfusion outcomes. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Nov;32(6):1934-1942.
- Musk GC, Adams MJ, Usuda H, Kemp MW, Sharp CR. Crossmatching Maternal and Fetal Blood in Sheep. Comp Med 2018 Aug 1;68(4):294-297.
- Luethy D, Owens SD, Stefanovski D, Nolen-Walston R, Giger U. Comparison of Tube, Gel, and Immunochromatographic Strip Methods for Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Compatibility in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Nov;30(6):1864-1871.
- Tomlinson JE, Taberner E, Boston RC, Owens SD, Nolen-Walston RD. Survival Time of Cross-Match Incompatible Red Blood Cells in Adult Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1683-8.
- Hourani L, Weingart C, Kohn B. Alloimmunisation in transfused patients: serial cross-matching in a population of hospitalised cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017 Dec;19(12):1231-1237.
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