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Veterinary medicine and science2024; 10(6); e70104; doi: 10.1002/vms3.70104

Effect of Simple Oral Dental Extraction on Systemic Serum Amyloid A Concentrations in Horses.

Abstract: The translocation of gingival commensals resulting in measurable systemic inflammation has been described in humans and non-equine veterinary species with dental disorders, particularly periodontal disease. Routine odontoplasty does not result in increased serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration in horses, but a measurable increase in SAA concentration in horses undergoing dental extractions could suggest that local inflammation resulting from more severe dental disease has potential for wider, systemic consequences that warrants further study. To determine whether SAA increases in horses undergoing simple, oral extraction of non-fractured cheek teeth with and without periodontal disease. Prospective cohort study. SAA was measured using a stall-side test in horses undergoing simple oral extraction of cheek teeth with intact clinical crowns at baseline (T = 0), 24 h (T = 24) and 48 h (T = 48) post-extraction. Eight horses and 4 ponies aged between 4 and 23 years underwent cheek tooth extraction. A statistically significant difference in SAA concentration was noted between groups with and without periodontal disease at both 24 h (p = 0.004) and 48 h (p = 0.043). At 24 h, the median SAA concentration was 135 mg/L (range: 0-260 mg/L; IQR: 77.5-174 mg/L) in horses with periodontal disease and 27.5 mg/L (range: 0-47 mg/L; IQR: 4.8-43.5 mg/L) in horses without periodontal disease. At 48 h, median SAA concentration was 264 mg/L (range: 236-440 mg/L; IQR: 245.5-300.5 mg/L) in horses with periodontal disease and 0 mg/L (range = 0-41 mg/L; IQR: 0-21.8 mg/L) in horses without periodontal disease. Small sample group. Horses undergoing extraction of fractured cheek teeth were not included. Extraction of non-fractured cheek teeth does not result in a remarkable increase in SAA, except in horses with periodontal disease. These results suggest that periodontal disease in horses is associated with a local inflammatory response, which in turn drives the development of systemic inflammation, resulting in detectable increases in inflammatory markers when diseased periodontal tissues are disturbed.
© 2024 The Author(s). Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2024-11-13 PubMed ID: 39508719PubMed Central: PMC11542291DOI: 10.1002/vms3.70104Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the impact of simple oral tooth extraction on the systemic serum amyloid A (SAA) protein levels in horses, thus shedding light on the possibility of more severe dental issues causing wider inflammation. The findings suggest that horses with periodontal disease, a severe dental disorder, see a significant rise in their SAA levels post-extraction, indicating that systemic inflammation may result from the local inflammation triggered by the dental health condition.

Objective and Methods

  • The study aimed to examine whether SAA levels increase in horses undergoing straightforward oral extraction of non-fractured cheek teeth, with or without periodontal disease.
  • This was a prospective cohort study in which SAA levels were measured at baseline (T = 0), at 24 hours (T = 24), and at 48 hours (T = 48) post-extraction.
  • SAA is an acute phase protein that indicates inflammation in the body, and its concentration was measured using a stall-side test.
  • A total of eight horses and four ponies aged between 4 and 23 years were included in the study who required cheek tooth extraction. The sample did not include horses undergoing extraction of fractured teeth.

Results

  • The findings showed a significant difference in SAA concentration between the groups of horses with and without periodontal disease 24 and 48 hours after extraction.
  • The horses with periodontal disease were found to have a higher median SAA concentration at both intervals. At 24 hours, the SAA concentration median was 135 mg/L, at 48 hours post-extraction, the median concentration was 264 mg/L.
  • In contrast, in horses without periodontal disease, the median SAA concentration at 24 hours was 27.5 mg/L and at 48 hours post-extraction, was 0 mg/L.

Conclusion

  • Despite the small sample size used in the study, the results indicate that the extraction of non-fractured cheek teeth does not trigger a notable increase in SAA in horses, except in those with pre-existing periodontal disease.
  • This suggests that periodontal disease may lead to a local inflammatory response in horses and when these inflamed periodontal tissues get disturbed, it can lead to a systemic inflammatory response that can be determined by a detectable increase in inflammatory markers.
  • The findings underscore the potential systemic consequences of severe dental disease in horses and warrant further study to better understand these effects.

Cite This Article

APA
Sidwell AE, Duz M, Khan A, Bodnàr R, Hole SL. (2024). Effect of Simple Oral Dental Extraction on Systemic Serum Amyloid A Concentrations in Horses. Vet Med Sci, 10(6), e70104. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70104

Publication

Veterinary medicine and science
ISSN: 2053-1095
NlmUniqueID: 101678837
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Pages: e70104

Researcher Affiliations

Sidwell, Amelia E
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
  • Pool House Equine Hospital, IVC Evidensia, Lichfield, UK.
Duz, Marco
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Khan, Adeel
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Bodnàr, Ronald
  • Pool House Equine Hospital, IVC Evidensia, Lichfield, UK.
Hole, Sam Luis
  • Pool House Equine Hospital, IVC Evidensia, Lichfield, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / analysis
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Tooth Extraction / veterinary
  • Prospective Studies
  • Female
  • Male
  • Periodontal Diseases / veterinary
  • Periodontal Diseases / surgery
  • Cohort Studies

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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