Effect of sodium bicarbonate on racing Standardbreds.

This research investigates the influence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the performance and metabolic characteristics of Standardbred horses during a 1-mile race. The results illustrate that sodium bicarbonate treatment improves racing times, blood pH levels, as well as post-race lactate clearance.

Research Design and Subjects

• The research employed a crossover design, a type of longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or control) with the target of identifying effects of particular treatments. This design is generally employed in scientific research to minimize the effect of confounding factors on the variables under investigation.
• 22 Standardbred horses in race training formed the subjects of this study. The horses were paired together and one horse from each pair was either administered sodium bicarbonate or a placebo, 2.5 hours before they raced against each other.
• The design included provisions for each horse to compete in two races scheduled with a gap of one week; each time under a different treatment.

Data Collection

• Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the horses at four different stages – 1.5 hours after treatment (while resting), immediately before racing, and at 5 minutes and 15 minutes after the race. For six of the horses, samples were received 30 minutes post-race as well.

Key Findings

• Treatment with sodium bicarbonate resulted in Standardbred horses running 1.1 seconds faster on average, demonstrating a significant improvement in performance.
• Additionally, horses that received sodium bicarbonate showed an increase in their blood pH levels, indicating a shift towards alkalinity, which could potentially delay fatigue caused by internal muscle acidosis.
• Analysis of the post-race samples revealed that lactate clearance was faster in horses that were treated with sodium bicarbonate. Given that lactate and associated hydrogen ions are believed to induce muscle damage and soreness, quicker lactate clearance could benefit horses that undergo rigorous exercise.

Limitations and Conclusions

• The study acknowledges that factors beyond metabolic responses, such as musculoskeletal soundness, and cardiovascular and respiratory health, could also influence the performance of racing horses. Due to this, sodium bicarbonate may not uniformly enhance the performance of all horses.
• However, given its positive effects on lactate clearance and consequent potential to reduce muscle damage and soreness, the study suggests that the use of sodium bicarbonate could be beneficial for horses that undergo intensive training or activity.