Effect of timing and route of administration of furosemide on pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary arterial pressure in exercising thoroughbred racehorses.
Abstract: To examine effect of pre-exercise administration of furosemide (FUR) on mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) during work and RBC concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected 40 minutes after exercise. Methods: 10 adult Thoroughbreds. Methods: A modified 10 X 10 crossover design comprising 10 horses during 10 weeks was used. Each horse received each of 5 treatments twice. Treatment structure included a control plus a 2 X 2 factorial and consisted of the following: A, control; B, FUR, 250 mg, IV, 30 minutes before exercise; C, FUR, 250 mg, IV, 240 minutes before exercise; D, FUR, 250 mg, nebulized, 30 minutes before exercise; and E, FUR, 250 mg, nebulized, 240 minutes before exercise. Mean PAP data were collected, and each horse, after a 500-m warm-up, was galloped at maximal speed for 1,600 m. BALF RBC concentration was determined by hemocytometer. Results: Interaction between treatment method and time of administration was significant (P = 0.04). Treatment B resulted in significantly (P = 0.01) lower BALF RBC concentration than did treatment C. Only BALF RBC count after treatment B was significantly lower than the control value. Horses that received FUR IV had significantly lower peak mean PAP than did those that received the drug by nebulization, regardless of administration time. Only treatment B resulted in peak mean PAP that was significantly lower than that of control. Exercise time was not influenced by treatment. Conclusions: FUR, administered IV 30 minutes before exercise, significantly reduced peak mean PAP and BALF RBC concentration.
Publication Date: 1999-01-26 PubMed ID: 9918144
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Blood
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Clinical Study
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Health
- Exercise
- Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
- Furosemide
- Hemodynamics
- Hemorrhage
- Horse Racing
- Horses
- Intravenous Administration
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacology
- Pulmonary Health
- Respiratory Health
- Thoroughbreds
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
Summary
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This study explores how the timing and method of administering the drug furosemide can impact pulmonary arterial pressure and bleeding in the lungs of racehorses. The most noticeable decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure and blood cell count in the lungs was seen when the drug was administered intravenously 30 minutes before exercise.
Research Methodology
- The study involved 10 adult Thoroughbred horses over a period of 10 weeks in a modified crossover design.
- Each horse underwent all 5 treatments twice: no treatment (control), intravenous furosemide administration 30 minutes before exercise, intravenous furosemide administration 240 minutes before exercise, nebulized furosemide administration 30 minutes before exercise, and nebulized furosemide administration 240 minutes before exercise.
- The horses underwent a 500-meter warm-up followed by a maximum-speed 1,600-meter run after furosemide administration.
- Pulmonary arterial pressure data was collected, and the concentration of red blood cells (RBC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), a measure of pulmonary hemorrhage, was determined after exercise.
Results and Interpretations
- The researchers found a significant interaction effect between the method of furosemide administration and the timing of its administration.
- Results showed that horses that were administered the furosemide intravenously 30 minutes before exercise (Treatment B) had significantly lower BALF RBC concentration than those who had the same treatment 240 minutes before exercise (Treatment C).
- In addition, peak mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly lower in horses that received furosemide intravenously as compared to those who received it via nebulization, regardless of administration time.
- Treatment B resulted in a peak mean pulmonary arterial pressure that was significantly lower than the control value, indicating the most substantial reduction in terms of pulmonary arterial pressure.
- Treatments did not significantly influence exercise time.
Conclusion
- The findings suggest that furosemide, when administered intravenously 30 minutes before exercise, can significantly reduce peak mean pulmonary arterial pressure and BALF RBC concentration, thus helping to decrease pulmonary hemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Cite This Article
APA
Lester G, Clark C, Rice B, Steible-Hartless C, Vetro-Widenhouse T.
(1999).
Effect of timing and route of administration of furosemide on pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary arterial pressure in exercising thoroughbred racehorses.
Am J Vet Res, 60(1), 22-28.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage / veterinary
- Cross-Over Studies
- Diuretics / administration & dosage
- Diuretics / pharmacology
- Diuretics / therapeutic use
- Erythrocyte Count / veterinary
- Female
- Furosemide / administration & dosage
- Furosemide / pharmacology
- Furosemide / therapeutic use
- Hemorrhage / drug therapy
- Hemorrhage / prevention & control
- Hemorrhage / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Lung Diseases / drug therapy
- Lung Diseases / prevention & control
- Lung Diseases / veterinary
- Male
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / drug effects
- Random Allocation
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Poole DC, Erickson HH. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016;7:133-148.
- Hinchcliff KW, Couetil LL, Knight PK, Morley PS, Robinson NE, Sweeney CR, van Erck E. Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement. J Vet Intern Med 2015 May-Jun;29(3):743-58.
- Perez-Moreno CI, Couëtil LL, Pratt SM, Ochoa-Acuña HG, Raskin RE, Russell MA. Effect of furosemide and furosemide-carbazochrome combination on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Standardbred racehorses. Can Vet J 2009 Aug;50(8):821-7.
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