Effect of Topically Applied 0.5% Apraclonidine Versus 0.5% Timolol Maleate on Intraocular Pressure of Healthy Horses.
Abstract: This study aims to assess the effect of topical 0.5% apraclonidine on Intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses and compare the effects of timolol maleate 0.5% with 0.5% apraclonidine in the equine eye. Twenty healthy female thoroughbred horses were used. Horses were divided into two groups. Ten horses received single dose of 0.2 mL of 0.5% apraclonidine in one randomly selected eye and the contralateral eye received single dose of 0.2 mL of artificial tears. In the second group, 10 horses received single dose of 0.2 mL of 0.5% timolol maleate in one eye and the opposite eye received single dose of placebo (0.2 mL of artificial tears). Intraocular pressure was measured using rebound tonometer at the baseline and 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 minutes, and 24 hours after topical ophthalmic drops instillation. Any ocular side effects were recorded at each time point. Mean (SD) baseline IOPs of the treated and placebo eyes were 26.2(3.1) and 23.5(3.4) in apraclonidine group, and 25.7(2.6) and 23.2(3.3) in timolol group. In the apraclonidine group, significant reduction in the mean IOP started after 60 minutes (P= .005) and was still present after 24 hours (P < .001). In timolol group, IOP was reduced in the treated eyes, but this reduction was only significant in the treated eyes at T24h (P= .03). The highest reduction in IOP in timolol group was observed at T360 (21.0(2.2); 14.7%). Mean IOP was decreased prominently by apraclonidine compared to timolol in treated eyes. In conclusion, single dose of topical 0.5% apraclonidine reduced IOP significantly among normal horses in the present study. Further investigations are necessary for evaluating efficacy and safety of apraclonidine in horses.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2022-01-29 PubMed ID: 35093487DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103886Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Veterinary
Summary
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The research paper studies the impact of two types of eye drops (0.5% apraclonidine and 0.5% timolol maleate) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses, finding that apraclonidine had a lasting and significant effect on reducing IOP.
Research Methodology
- Twenty healthy thoroughbred female horses were selected for the study.
- The horses were randomly divided into two groups.
- In the first group (apraclonidine), one eye of each horse was treated with 0.2 mL of 0.5% apraclonidine, and the other eye was given 0.2 mL of artificial tears, acting as a placebo.
- In the second group (timolol), one eye of each horse was treated with 0.2 mL of 0.5% timolol maleate, and the other eye was given the placebo.
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a rebound tonometer at specific time intervals: before treatment, and then 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 minutes, and 24 hours after the drops were applied.
- All side effects were noted at each of these time points.
Results and Findings
- In the apraclonidine group, the IOP started to reduce significantly after 60 minutes from the drop application, and this reduction was still significant 24 hours later.
- In the timolol group, a reduction in IOP was recorded in the treated eyes, but it was only significant 24 hours after the treatment.
- The greatest IOP reduction in the timolol group was observed at the 360-minute mark.
- On average, apraclonidine decreased IOP more prominently than timolol in the treated eyes.
- No mention was made of any ocular side effects occurring in either group.
Conclusion
- The results suggest that a single dose of 0.5% apraclonidine can significantly reduce IOP in horses.
- However, further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of apraclonidine in horses, as the sample size in this study was quite small.
Cite This Article
APA
Ziadi A, Ozmaie S, Asghari A, Rajaei SM.
(2022).
Effect of Topically Applied 0.5% Apraclonidine Versus 0.5% Timolol Maleate on Intraocular Pressure of Healthy Horses.
J Equine Vet Sci, 111, 103886.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103886 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Ophthalmology Section, Negah Veterinary Centre, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Mehdi_13r@hotmail.com.
MeSH Terms
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
- Animals
- Clonidine / analogs & derivatives
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horses
- Intraocular Pressure
- Lubricant Eye Drops / therapeutic use
- Ocular Hypertension / chemically induced
- Ocular Hypertension / veterinary
- Timolol / pharmacology
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing we confirm that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property. Signed by corresponding author on behalf of all authors
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