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Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2016; 121(1); 299-311; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01077.2015

Effects of aging on mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of American American Quarter Horses.

Abstract: Skeletal muscle function, aerobic capacity, and mitochondrial (Mt) function have been found to decline with age in humans and rodents. However, not much is known about age-related changes in Mt function in equine skeletal muscle. Here, we compared fiber-type composition and Mt function in gluteus medius and triceps brachii muscle between young (age 1.8 ± 0.1 yr, n = 24) and aged (age 17-25 yr, n = 10) American Quarter Horses. The percentage of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIX was lower in aged compared with young muscles (gluteus, P = 0.092; triceps, P = 0.012), while the percentages of MHC I (gluteus; P < 0.001) and MHC IIA (triceps; P = 0.023) were increased. Mass-specific Mt density, indicated by citrate synthase activity, was unaffected by age in gluteus, but decreased in aged triceps (P = 0.023). Cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) activity per milligram tissue and per Mt unit decreased with age in gluteus (P < 0.001 for both) and triceps (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase per milligram tissue was unaffected by age, but increased per Mt unit in aged gluteus and triceps (P = 0.023 and P < 0.001, respectively). Mt respiration of permeabilized muscle fibers per milligram tissue was unaffected by age in both muscles. Main effects of age appeared when respiration was normalized to Mt content, with increases in LEAK, oxidative phosphorylation capacity, and electron transport system capacity (P = 0.038, P = 0.045, and P = 0.007, respectively), independent of muscle. In conclusion, equine skeletal muscle aging was accompanied by a shift in fiber-type composition, decrease in Mt density and COX activity, but preserved Mt respiratory function.
Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.
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Publication Date: 2016-06-09 PubMed ID: 27283918PubMed Central: PMC5040552DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01077.2015Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the effects of aging on mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle of American Quarter Horses. Changes were observed in the muscle fiber-type composition, mitochondrial density and activity, but the mitochondrial respiratory function remained consistent as the horses aged.

Objective of the Research

  • The research aimed to understand the impact of aging on the functioning of mitochondria in the skeletal muscles of American Quarter Horses. This was accomplished by comparing the muscle fiber-type composition, mitochondrial function, and respiratory function between young and aged horses.

Methodology

  • The researchers compared the skeletal muscles (gluteus medius and triceps brachii) of young horses (aged around 1.8 years) and older horses (aged between 17 to 25 years).
  • The metrics of comparison included changes in muscle fiber type composition, mitochondrial density, and function when considering myosin heavy chain (MHC) ratios, citrate synthase activity, cytochrome-c oxidase activity, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity.
  • They also analyzed the mitochondrial respiration of permeabilized muscle fibers.

Findings

  • The percentage of MHC IIX, a type of muscle fiber, was found to decrease in older muscles, while the ratios of MHC I and MHC IIA increased with age.
  • The age did not significantly change the mass-specific mitochondria density in gluteus muscles, but a decrease was observed in the triceps of older horses.
  • The researchers found that the activity of cytochrome-c oxidase, an enzyme integral to mitochondrial function, decreased with age.
  • However, despite age-related changes in muscle fiber composition and mitochondrial density and activity, the mitochondrial respiration, essential for energy production, remained consistent with aging.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that while aging in horses does bring about shifts in the makeup of muscle fibers and decay in mitochondrial density and activity, it does not significantly impact the respiratory function of the mitochondria, which crucially contributes to muscle performance.

Cite This Article

APA
Li C, White SH, Warren LK, Wohlgemuth SE. (2016). Effects of aging on mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of American American Quarter Horses. J Appl Physiol (1985), 121(1), 299-311. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01077.2015

Publication

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
ISSN: 1522-1601
NlmUniqueID: 8502536
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 121
Issue: 1
Pages: 299-311

Researcher Affiliations

Li, Chengcheng
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
White, Sarah H
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Warren, Lori K
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida steffiw@ufl.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases / metabolism
  • Aging / metabolism
  • Aging / physiology
  • Animals
  • Citrate (si)-Synthase / metabolism
  • Electron Transport / physiology
  • Electron Transport Complex IV / metabolism
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Mitochondria / physiology
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / physiology
  • Myosin Heavy Chains / metabolism
  • Oxidation-Reduction

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