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Genes2025; 16(2); 197; doi: 10.3390/genes16020197

Effects of Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Training on Athletic Performance of 2-Year-Old Trot-Type Yili Horses.

Abstract: Training is essential for enhancing equine athletic performance, but the genetic mechanisms that regulate athletic performance are unknown. Therefore, this paper aims to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways for the effects of training on equine athletic performance through multi-omics analyses. Methods: The experiment selected 12 untrained trot-type Yili horses, which underwent a 12-week professional training program. Blood samples were collected at rest before training (BT) and after training (AT). Based on their race performance, whole blood and serum samples from 4 horses were chosen for transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results: The race performance of the horses is dramatically improved in the AT period compared to the BT ( < 0.01) period. The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 57 differentially expressed genes, which were significantly enriched in pathways related to circadian entrainment, steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemokine signaling, and cholinergic synapses ( < 0.05). Additionally, metabolomic analysis revealed 121 differentially identified metabolites, primarily enriched in metabolic pathways such as histidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncovered five shared pathways, and further combined pathway analyses identified eight differentially expressed genes that correlate with 19 differentially identified metabolites. Conclusions: The current findings will contribute to establishing a theoretical framework for investigating the molecular mechanisms of genes associated with the impact of training on equine athletic performance. Additionally, these results will serve as a foundation for enhancing the athletic capabilities of trot-type Yili horses.
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Publication Date: 2025-02-04 PubMed ID: 40004526PubMed Central: PMC11855102DOI: 10.3390/genes16020197Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article set out to understand how training influences the genetic and metabolic factors that impact the athletic performance of young Yili horses. A 12-week training program was implemented and changes in metabolites and genes noticed from the start to the end of the training program were analyzed.

Methods

  • A sample group of 12 previously untrained trot-type Yili horses was selected for the study.
  • These horses then underwent a 12-week professional training program.
  • The researchers collected blood samples from the horses both before the program began (BT) and after it concluded(AT).
  • From the whole group, samples from four horses were picked based on their improved performance to undergo additional tests (transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses).

Results

  • After training, the horses’ performance in races significantly improved compared to their performance before training (p < 0.01).
  • The transcriptome analysis showed a total of 57 differentially expressed genes, significantly involved in pathways relevant to circadian entrainment, steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemokine signaling, and cholinergic synapses (p < 0.05).
  • Additionally, metabolomic analysis displayed 121 differentially identified metabolites that were primarily concentrated in histidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
  • A combined analysis of the transcriptomes and metabolomes revealed five shared pathways.
  • Further combined pathway analysis pointed out eight differentially expressed genes that correlate with 19 differentially identified metabolites.

Conclusion

  • The researchers conclude that these findings could provide a basis for a theoretical framework that will allow for better understanding of the molecular-genetic mechanisms affected by training in equine athletic performance.
  • Additionally, the results from the research stand to be used in the future to enhance the athletic capabilities of trot-type Yili horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Yang L, Li P, Huang X, Wang C, Zeng Y, Wang J, Yao X, Meng J. (2025). Effects of Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Training on Athletic Performance of 2-Year-Old Trot-Type Yili Horses. Genes (Basel), 16(2), 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16020197

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
PII: 197

Researcher Affiliations

Yang, Liping
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Li, Pengcheng
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Huang, Xinxin
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wang, Chuankun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Zeng, Yaqi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Wang, Jianwen
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yao, Xinkui
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Meng, Jun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
  • Horse Industry Research Institute, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / genetics
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Transcriptome
  • Metabolome
  • Gene Expression Profiling / methods
  • Male
  • Metabolomics / methods
  • Female

Grant Funding

  • 2022A02013-1 / Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region's Major Science and Technology Project
  • PT2311 / Special Programme for Construction of Innovation Environment (Talents and Bases) in Autonomous Region
  • ZYYD2023C02 / Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Funds Project

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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  4. Wang J, Ren W, Li Z, Li L, Wang R, Ma S, Zeng Y, Meng J, Yao X. Plasma Lipidomics and Proteomics Analyses Pre- and Post-5000 m Race in Yili Horses. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 30;15(7).
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