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Home / Equine Research Bank / Reprod Domest Anim / Effects of cryopreservation on stallion sperm protamine mess...
Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene2020; 55(3); 274-282; doi: 10.1111/rda.13615

Effects of cryopreservation on stallion sperm protamine messenger RNAs.

Abstract: Protamines substitute DNA-binding histones during late spermatogenesis in sperm nucleus. Stallion sperm contains all three variants of these arginine-rich and positively charged nuclear proteins (P1, P2 and P3). Two variants of protamine-2, that is P2 and P3, constitute approximately 15% of the entire protamine content. Also, the ratio of protamine-1 to protamine-2 varies among different mammalian species, and abnormal protamine ratios and protamine content are correlated with male infertility. In this study, changes in protamine mRNA abundance for all three protamines were investigated in stallion sperm during cryopreservation. Twelve ejaculates were collected from six sexually mature stallions. Sperm samples were divided into two parts for total mRNA extraction: one as fresh and the other as cryopreserved sample. Levels of three protamine transcripts were determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results of relative expression showed that cryopreservation can significantly alter protamine transcripts: protamine 2 was downregulated, while protamine 3 was upregulated in cryopreserved samples relative to the control. Changes in protamine 1 were not significant after cryopreservation. This study is the first to evaluate changes in mRNA abundance of protamine genes in stallion sperm following cryopreservation. Such evaluations are important in finding transcriptomic markers for success in fertilization and assisted reproductive techniques.
© 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-13 PubMed ID: 31885108DOI: 10.1111/rda.13615Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studied the effect of cryopreservation (freezing) on the levels of protamine proteins in horse sperm. There was a significant change in the levels of two types of these proteins, with potential implications for male fertility and assisted reproduction techniques.

Objective of Study

  • The research seeks to understand the impact of cryopreservation on the rate of occurrence of various types of protamine proteins in stallion sperm.

Background Information

  • Protamines are proteins that replace DNA-binding histones in the sperm nucleus during late spermatogenesis (the process by which sperm cells are produced).
  • Stallion sperm contains three variants of these proteins: P1, P2, and P3. P2 and P3 are variants of protamine-2, making up approximately 15% of the overall protamine content.
  • The ratio of protamine-1 (P1) to protamine-2 (P2) varies among different mammalian species. When the ratio and content of protamine are abnormal, it is often associated with male infertility.

Methodology of the Study

  • Twelve ejaculates were collected from six sexually mature stallions.
  • The sperm samples were divided into two parts: a fresh sample and a cryopreserved (frozen) sample.
  • The researchers extracted total mRNA from both the fresh and frozen samples for study.
  • The levels of the three protamine variants (P1, P2, and P3) in the sperm were assessed by performing a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Findings of the Study

  • The cryopreservation process significantly affected the expression of the protamine genes. Specifically, protamine 2 (P2) was downregulated (reduced), and protamine 3 (P3) was upregulated (increased) in the frozen samples when compared to the control sample.
  • No significant changes were observed in the expression of protamine 1 (P1) after the cryopreservation process.

Significance of the Research

  • This study is reportedly the first to investigate changes in the levels of protamine genes in stallion sperm after cryopreservation.
  • The evaluation of these changes could be essential in identifying genetic markers for successful fertilization and in improving assisted reproductive methods.

Cite This Article

APA
Kadivar A, Shams Esfandabadi N, Dehghani Nazhvani E, Shirazi A, Ahmadi E. (2020). Effects of cryopreservation on stallion sperm protamine messenger RNAs. Reprod Domest Anim, 55(3), 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13615

Publication

Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene
ISSN: 1439-0531
NlmUniqueID: 9015668
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 3
Pages: 274-282

Researcher Affiliations

Kadivar, Ali
  • Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
  • Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Shams Esfandabadi, Naser
  • Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Dehghani Nazhvani, Ehsan
  • Theriogenology resident, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Shirazi, Abolfazl
  • Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Ahmadi, Ebrahim
  • Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cryopreservation / veterinary
  • Horses / physiology
  • Male
  • Protamines / genetics
  • Protamines / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Semen Preservation / adverse effects
  • Semen Preservation / veterinary
  • Spermatozoa / chemistry

Grant Funding

  • 96GRD1M1576 / Applied Research Centre, Vice Chancellor for Research of Shahrekord University

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Kermani T, Hosseini SF, Talaei-Khozani T, Aliabadi E. Effect of Pre-Incubation of Cryopreserved Sperm with either Kisspeptin or Glutathione to Mitigate Freeze-Thaw Damage. Iran J Med Sci 2023 Mar;48(2):198-208.
    doi: 10.30476/IJMS.2022.92300.2354pubmed: 36895454google scholar: lookup
  2. Indriastuti R, Pardede BP, Gunawan A, Ulum MF, Arifiantini RI, Purwantara B. Sperm Transcriptome Analysis Accurately Reveals Male Fertility Potential in Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 27;12(21).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12212955pubmed: 36359078google scholar: lookup
  3. Sahoo B, Choudhary RK, Sharma P, Choudhary S, Gupta MK. Significance and Relevance of Spermatozoal RNAs to Male Fertility in Livestock. Front Genet 2021;12:768196.
    doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768196pubmed: 34956322google scholar: lookup
  4. Jia B, Allai L, Li C, Liang J, Lv C, Wu G, Quan G. A review on the functional roles of trehalose during cryopreservation of small ruminant semen. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1467242.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1467242pubmed: 39628871google scholar: lookup
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