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The veterinary quarterly2020; 40(1); 97-107; doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1745317

Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota.

Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that an altered intestinal microbiota, specifically a reduction of bacterial diversity or a shift in microbial composition, is associated with the development of hypersensitivity disorders in humans, but this is unknown for horses. In this study we hypothesized that horses affected by either Culicoides hypersensitivity or severe equine asthma or both show a decreased diversity of their intestinal microbiota. We also investigated environmental effects. Rectal swab samples of a total of 140 horses were collected and the owners completed a detailed questionnaire about their horse. For each allergic horse, a healthy peer from the same stable was equally sampled as an environmentally matched control. Microbiota in the swabs was determined by assessing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Structures of bacterial communities were investigated by means of alpha and beta diversity indices. Group wise comparisons between healthy and allergic horses showed no significant differences regarding alpha (p = 0.9) and beta diversity (p = 0.5). However, the microbial structure was associated with environmental factors such as the type of stable (p = 0.001), access to pasture (p = 0.001) or the type of feeding (p = 0.003). There was also a strong location effect meaning that the microbiota was more similar within the same as compared between farms within this study. Our observations suggest that hypersensitivity disorders in adult horses are not associated with an alteration of the intestinal microbiota, but environmental and/or location factors strongly influence these bacteria.
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Publication Date: 2020-03-20 PubMed ID: 32189583PubMed Central: PMC7170319DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1745317Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates whether horses affected by hypersensitivity disorders, such as Culicoides hypersensitivity or severe equine asthma, exhibit decreased diversity in their intestinal microbiota. The study also looks into how environmental factors may impact the gut bacteria. The primary finding suggests that hypersensitivity disorders in adult horses aren’t linked to changes in the intestinal microbiota, but the environment and location have a significant influence.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers conducted the study with 140 horses in total. Samples from each horse’s rectum were collected through swabs.
  • For each horse with an allergic condition, a swab was also collected from a healthy horse from the same stable. These samples acted as matched environmental controls to ensure consistent variables.
  • A comprehensive questionnaire was filled out by each horse owner, detailing essential specifics about their horse.
  • A snapshot of the microbiota in the swabs was achieved by examining the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.
  • The team used alpha and beta diversity indices to scrutinize the structures of bacterial communities within the samples.

Findings and Conclusion

  • Comparisons between healthy and allergic horses revealed no significant differences in terms of alpha and beta diversity. This suggests that hypersensitivity disorders don’t specifically contribute to alterations in the intestinal microbiota diversity of horses.
  • Nevertheless, the research demonstrated that environmental factors had a significant impact on the microbial structure.
  • Aspects such as the type of stable that a horse was kept in, their access to pasture, and their feeding system, all influenced the diversity and composition of their intestinal microbiota.
  • Location also played a significant role, with horses from the same farm displaying more similarity in their microbiota than between horses at different farms. It means that location specific factors can significantly influence the gut microflora of the horses.
  • In conclusion, the research emphasizes the environmental influence on the intestinal microbiota than the presence of hypersensitivity disorders in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Kaiser-Thom S, Hilty M, Gerber V. (2020). Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota. Vet Q, 40(1), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2020.1745317

Publication

The veterinary quarterly
ISSN: 1875-5941
NlmUniqueID: 7909485
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-107

Researcher Affiliations

Kaiser-Thom, S
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
Hilty, M
  • Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Gerber, V
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / microbiology
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Ceratopogonidae / immunology
  • Environment
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Farms
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Hypersensitivity / microbiology
  • Hypersensitivity / veterinary
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Citations

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