Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using combination of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA).
Abstract: Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) on cardiopulmonary function were evaluated in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using constant rate infusions of medetomidine (3.5 µg/kg/hr), lidocaine (3 mg/kg/hr), butorphanol (24 µg/kg/hr) and propofol (0.1 mg/kg/min) (MLBP-TIVA). Five horses were anesthetized twice using MLBP-TIVA with or without IPPV at 4-week interval (crossover study). In each occasion, the horses breathed 100% oxygen with spontaneous ventilation (SB-group, n=5) or with IPPV (CV-group, n=5), and changes in cardiopulmonary parameters were observed for 120 min. In the SB-group, cardiovascular parameters were maintained within acceptable ranges (heart rate: 33-35 beats/min, cardiac output: 27-30 l/min, mean arterial blood pressure [MABP]: 114-123 mmHg, mean pulmonary arterial pressure [MPAP]: 28-29 mmHg and mean right atrial pressure [MRAP]: 19-21 mmHg), but severe hypercapnea and insufficient oxygenation were observed (arterial CO(2) pressure [PaCO(2)]: 84-103 mmHg and arterial O(2) pressure [PaO(2)]: 155-172 mmHg). In the CV-group, normocapnea (PaCO(2): 42-50 mmHg) and good oxygenation (PaO(2): 395-419 mmHg) were achieved by the IPPV without apparent cardiovascular depression (heart rate: 29-31 beats/min, cardiac output: 17-21 l /min, MABP: 111-123 mmHg, MPAP: 27-30 mmHg and MRAP: 15-16 mmHg). MLBP-TIVA preserved cardiovascular function even in horses artificially ventilated.
Publication Date: 2014-09-03 PubMed ID: 25649938PubMed Central: PMC4300371DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0077Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the effects of Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) on the cardiopulmonary function of horses undergoing total intravenous anesthesia using a mixture of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol, and propofol (MLBP-TIVA). The study finds MLBP-TIVA preserves cardiovascular function in artificially ventilated horses and IPPV offers good oxygenation without causing cardiovascular depression.
Methods and Subjects of the Study
- The study involved five horses who were put to sleep two times using MLBP-TIVA either with or without IPPV at a four-week interval. This technique is referred to as a crossover study, enabling each subject to serve as its control at different times.
- In each instance, the horses were made to breathe 100% oxygen either with Spontaneous Breathing (SB-group), or with IPPV (CV-group). Any changes in the cardiopulmonary parameters were observed for 120 min.
Observations and Findings for the SB-group
- In the SB-group, cardiovascular parameters stayed within acceptable ranges, involving heart rate (33-35 beats/min), cardiac output (27-30 l/min), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP: 114-123 mmHg), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP: 28-29 mmHg), and mean right atrial pressure (MRAP: 19-21 mmHg).
- Despite the cardiovascular parameters being maintained, severe hypercapnea (high carbon dioxide concentration in the blood) and insufficient oxygenation were observed. This is indicated by a high PaCO(2) (arterial CO(2) pressure: 84-103 mmHg) and a relatively low PaO(2) (arterial O(2) pressure: 155-172 mmHg).
Observations and Findings for the CV-group
- In the CV-group that were ventilated with IPPV, normocapnea (normal blood carbon dioxide levels: PaCO(2): 42-50 mmHg) and good oxygenation (PaO(2): 395-419 mmHg) were achieved without substantial cardiovascular depression.
- The cardiovascular parameters in this group remained at heart rate: 29-31 beats/min, cardiac output: 17-21 l/min, MABP: 111-123 mmHg, MPAP: 27-30 mmHg, and MRAP: 15-16 mmHg.
Conclusion
- The study demonstrates that MLBP-TIVA is able to maintain cardiovascular function in horses that are artificially ventilated. Hence, the usage of IPPV in MLBP-TIVA for horses provides greater control over blood gases allowing better oxygenation without damaging cardiac function.
Cite This Article
APA
Ishizuka T, Tamura J, Nagaro T, Sudo K, Itami T, Umar MA, Miyoshi K, Sano T, Yamashita K.
(2014).
Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using combination of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA).
J Vet Med Sci, 76(12), 1577-1582.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.14-0077 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / methods
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Butorphanol / pharmacology
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Cardiac Output / drug effects
- Cross-Over Studies
- Drug Combinations
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses / physiology
- Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / methods
- Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / veterinary
- Lidocaine / pharmacology
- Medetomidine / pharmacology
- Oxygen / blood
- Propofol / pharmacology
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Tsuzuki N, Sasaki N, Kusano K, Endo Y, Torisu S. Oxidative stress markers in Thoroughbred horses after castration surgery under inhalation anesthesia.. J Equine Sci 2016;27(2):77-9.
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