Effects of intra-articular sodium pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine on the cytology, total protein concentration and viscosity of synovial fluid in horses.
Abstract: Evaluate synovial fluid cytology, total protein concentration and viscosity after intra-articular administration of combined pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine in horses. Methods: Ten adult Standardbred horses had each carpal joint (n = 20) randomly assigned to one of two treatments: control (5 mL saline) or treated (pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine). All horses received an intra-articular injection every 7 days for 3 weeks and synovial fluid samples were collected on days 1 (baseline), 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16 and 21. Synovial fluid variables measured included total protein concentration, total nucleated cell count, red blood cell count, the neutrophil, lymphocyte, mononuclear cell and eosinophil percentages, and viscosity. Results: Following injection, the total nucleated cell count increased in the synovial fluid samples from both groups. Values were significantly higher in treated joints on days 2, 3, 15 and 16. Red blood cell counts were low and no differences were seen between treated and control joints. Total protein concentrations and neutrophil percentages increased in both groups after injection, but decreased towards normal ranges within 7 days. Total protein concentration was significantly higher in treated joints on days 1, 3, 8, 9 and 15. Percentages of neutrophils were higher in treated joints on day 2, but significantly lower on days 8 and 15. Viscosity was significantly higher in treated joints on day 2 only. Conclusions: Intra-articular administration of combined pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine causes a mild inflammatory synovitis that is not substantially different to that elicited by injection of a similar volume of saline and so we conclude that these drugs are safe to use in the horse.
© 2012 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2012 Australian Veterinary Association.
Publication Date: 2012-07-26 PubMed ID: 22827626DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00959.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research evaluates the effect of injecting sodium pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine on the properties of synovial fluid in horses’ joints. The study concludes that these injections cause a mild inflammation similar to that from saline injections, suggesting their safety in use.
Research Methodology:
- In this scientific experiment, ten adult Standardbred horses were used. Each horse’s carpal joint (a total of 20 joints) were divided into two groups: treated or control.
- The control group received an injection of 5 mL of saline, while the treated group received a dose of both pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine. These are substances known for their potential beneficial effect on joint health.
- Each horse received an intra-articular injection weekly for three weeks, and synovial fluid samples were collected regularly to assess changes.
- The measures taken on synovial fluid included total protein concentration, total nucleated cell count, red blood cell count, different cellular types percentage breakdown (neutrophil, lymphocyte, mononuclear cell, and eosinophil), and viscosity.
Results:
- Both treated and control groups showed an increase in the total nucleated cell count after injection. However, the count was significantly higher in the treated joints on specific days.
- There was no noticeable difference in red blood cell counts between the control and treated joints.
- Total protein concentrations and neutrophil percentages increased in both groups post injection, but decreased close to baseline levels within a week.
- Total protein concentration was significantly higher in the treated joints on specific days.
- The percentage of neutrophils was higher in the treated group only on the second day, but was significantly lower on the eighth and fifteenth days.
- Viscosity was significantly higher only on the second day.
Conclusion:
- The conclusion of the study is that intra-articular administration of combined pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine induces a slight inflammatory reaction.
- This inflammatory response was not substantially different than that elicited by injection of a similar volume of saline. Thus, the researchers conclude that these substances are likely safe for use in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Kwan C, Bell R, Koenig T, Bischofberger A, Horadagoda N, Perkins NR, Jeffcott LB, Dart AJ.
(2012).
Effects of intra-articular sodium pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine on the cytology, total protein concentration and viscosity of synovial fluid in horses.
Aust Vet J, 90(8), 315-320.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00959.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anticoagulants / pharmacology
- Blood Proteins / analysis
- Blood Proteins / drug effects
- Carpus, Animal
- Glucosamine / pharmacology
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horses
- Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
- Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester / pharmacology
- Synovial Fluid / chemistry
- Synovial Fluid / cytology
- Synovial Fluid / drug effects
- Synovitis / chemically induced
- Synovitis / veterinary
- Viscosity / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Parker LA, Wustefeld-Janssens B, Dundas JM. Transient Postoperative Hemorrhage from Elbow Arthroscopy Portals following Intra-Articular Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Injection. Case Rep Vet Med 2022;2022:9428539.
- Orii K, Lim A, Tomatsu S, Stapleton M, Suzuki Y, Simonaro CM, Schuchman EH, Fukao T, Matsumoto T. Safety Study of Sodium Pentosan Polysulfate for Adult Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019 Dec 17;9(4).
- Niemelä TM, Tulamo RM, Aaltonen K, Sankari SM, Hielm-Björkman AK. Changes in biomarkers in equine synovial fluid two weeks after intra-articular hyaluronan treatment: a randomised double-blind clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2018 Jun 15;14(1):186.
- Frohbergh M, Ge Y, Meng F, Karabul N, Solyom A, Lai A, Iatridis J, Schuchman EH, Simonaro CM. Dose responsive effects of subcutaneous pentosan polysulfate injection in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI rats and comparison to oral treatment. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e100882.
- Rhee MS, Wei L, Sawhney N, Rice JD, St John FJ, Hurlbert JC, Preston JF. Engineering the xylan utilization system in Bacillus subtilis for production of acidic Xylooligosaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014 Feb;80(3):917-27.
- Schuchman EH, Ge Y, Lai A, Borisov Y, Faillace M, Eliyahu E, He X, Iatridis J, Vlassara H, Striker G, Simonaro CM. Pentosan polysulfate: a novel therapy for the mucopolysaccharidoses. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e54459.
- Jackson A. First AVA Education Forum sets the pace. Aust Vet J 2012 Aug;90(8):N20.
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