Effects of intravenous administration of polymyxin B in neonatal foals with experimental endotoxemia.
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of IV administration of polymyxin B on clinical and serum biochemical variables in foals with experimental endotoxemia. Methods: Prospective experimental study. Methods: 14 healthy neonatal foals. Methods: Foals were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group and were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 μg/kg [0.23 μg/lb]) IV over 30 minutes. The treatment group received polymyxin B (6,000 U/kg [2,727 U/lb], IV) immediately after completion of lipopolysaccharide infusion; the control group was administered an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Subsequent doses of polymyxin B or saline solution were administered IV at 8 and 16 hours. Blood was collected at various time points, and outcome variables, including heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, attitude score, WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, Hct, blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration, and plasma thromboxane B2 concentration, were measured. Urine was collected prior to and after experimentation to determine whether nephrotoxicosis was associated with treatment. Results: The treatment group had significantly lower blood lactate concentration and serum tumor necrosis factor-α and plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations and had higher blood glucose concentrations and better attitude scores, compared with the control group, at various time points during the study. No other significant differences and no evidence of overt nephrotoxicosis were detected. Conclusions: Administration of polymyxin B IV in healthy neonatal foals challenged with lipopolysaccharide attenuated some clinical and serum biochemical derangements associated with endotoxemia.
Publication Date: 2013-09-06 PubMed ID: 24004237DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.6.874Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The research article discusses a study that investigates the impact of polymyxin B, when administered intravenously, on various clinical and biochemical parameters in foals (young horses) experimentally induced with endotoxemia.
Overview of the Study
- The study had a prospective and experimental design and included 14 healthy neonatal foals.
- They were divided into two groups: the treatment group which received polymyxin B, and the control group which was given an equal volume of saline solution. The endotoxemia condition was created by administering a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously over 30 minutes.
- The polymyxin B or saline solution was further administered at 8 and 16 hours.
Data Collection and Analysis
- Blood and urine samples were collected at different points of time. Following variables were measured: heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, attitude score, various blood cell counts, blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, serum tumor necic factor-alpha concentration, and plasma thromboxane B2 concentration.
- The urine samples were examined prior to and after the experiment to check any association of nephrotoxicosis with the treatment.
Key Findings
- The foals from the treatment group showed significantly lower blood lactate, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations.
- Scores of their attitudes and blood glucose concentrations were higher when compared to the control group at various instances during the research.
- No other substantial differences were found between the two groups. There was also no evidence indicating nephrotoxicosis connected with the treatment.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that the administration of polymyxin B intravenously in healthy neonatal foals, induced with LPS, moderated some clinical and serum biochemical dysfunctions linked with endotoxemia.
Cite This Article
APA
Wong DM, Sponseller BA, Alcott CJ, Agbedanu PN, Wang C, Hsu WH.
(2013).
Effects of intravenous administration of polymyxin B in neonatal foals with experimental endotoxemia.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 243(6), 874-881.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.243.6.874 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. dwong@iastate.edu
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Intravenous
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Endotoxemia / chemically induced
- Endotoxemia / drug therapy
- Endotoxemia / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Lipopolysaccharides / toxicity
- Male
- Polymyxin B / administration & dosage
- Polymyxin B / therapeutic use
- Thromboxane B2 / blood
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / blood
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- van Spijk JN, Beckmann K, Wehrli Eser M, Stirn M, Steuer AE, Saleh L, Schoster A. Preliminary Investigation of Side Effects of Polymyxin B Administration in Hospitalized Horses.. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 May 5;12(5).
- van Spijk JN, Beckmann K, Wehrli Eser M, Boxler M, Stirn M, Rhyner T, Kaelin D, Saleh L, Schoster A. Adverse effects of polymyxin B administration to healthy horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jul;36(4):1525-1534.
- Taylor S. A review of equine sepsis.. Equine Vet Educ 2015 Feb;27(2):99-109.
- Scharner D, Gittel C, Winter K, Blaue D, Schedlbauer C, Vervuert I, Brehm W. Comparison of incisional complications between skin closures using a simple continuous or intradermal pattern: a pilot study in horses undergoing ventral median celiotomy.. PeerJ 2018;6:e5772.
- Hajimohammadi A, Badiei K, Kheibari P, Pourjafar M, Chalmeh A. Effects of Polymyxin B on Clinical Signs, Serum TNF-α, Haptoglobin and Plasma Lactate Concentrations in Experimental Endotoxaemia in Sheep.. J Vet Res 2018 Mar;62(1):79-85.
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