Effects of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane concentration, physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress-related hormones in horses undergoing surgery.
Abstract: Physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress-related hormones are evaluated in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen combined with lidocaine intravenously. Two groups of horses anaesthetized with isoflurane (six horses in each group) were studied: a lidocaine group (IL), which received intravenous lidocaine and a control group (C), which received intravenous saline. Horses in both groups were premedicated with detomidine (i.v.), and anaesthesia was induced with midazolam-ketamine (i.v.). The lidocaine group received intravenous lidocaine as a loading dose of 2.5 mg kg(-1) at 15 min after induction of anaesthesia directly followed by a maintenance dosage of 50 microg kg(-1) min(-1), while the control group received saline (i.v.) following the same regime. End-tidal isoflurane and standard physiological parameters were measured. Blood was sampled for measurement of lidocaine, stress hormones and metabolic parameters. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration in the lidocaine group was 0.96 +/- 0.06% versus 1.28 +/- 0.06% (mean +/- SD) in the control group, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of 25%. No significant differences were found regarding stress-related hormones, metabolic and physiological parameters. This study suggests that the use of lidocaine to decrease the concentration of isoflurane to obtain a sufficient surgical anaesthesia has no subsequent effects on physiological and metabolic parameters or stress-related hormones.
Publication Date: 2003-09-02 PubMed ID: 12948155DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00523.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research has analysed how intravenous lidocaine affects physiological and metabolic parameters and stress-related hormones in horses going through surgery, under anaesthesia induced with isoflurane and oxygen. The study showed a significant reduction in isoflurane concentration without significant changes in the other parameters when lidocaine was used.
Study design
- Two groups of horses, anaesthetized with isoflurane, were studied. Each group contained six horses. The first group, referred to as the lidocaine or “IL” group, received intravenous lidocaine. The other, the control or ‘C’ group, received intravenous saline.
- All horses were premedicated with detomidine via intravenous route and anaesthesia was introduced using midazolam-ketamine, also intravenously.
- The lidocaine group was given intravenous lidocaine as a loading dose of 2.5 mg per kg, 15 minutes after anesthesia induction. This was followed by a maintenance dosage of 50 micrograms per kg per minute. The control group received saline in a similar schedule.
Measurements and Results
- The team measured end-tidal isoflurane concentration, standard physiological parameters, and took blood samples to measure lidocaine, stress hormones and metabolic parameters.
- The results showcased that the end-tidal isoflurane concentration in the lidocaine group was significantly lower, by 25%, compared to the control group. It was 0.96% versus 1.28% respectively.
- Interestingly, there were no significant differences found when comparing stress-related hormones, metabolic, and physiological parameters.
Conclusion
- The study concludes that the use of lidocaine can reduce the concentration of isoflurane necessary to achieve adequate surgical anesthesia. This reduction does not seem to have an impact on metabolic or physiological parameters nor does it significantly change stress-related hormone levels.
Cite This Article
APA
Dzikiti TB, Hellebrekers LJ, van Dijk P.
(2003).
Effects of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane concentration, physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress-related hormones in horses undergoing surgery.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 50(4), 190-195.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00523.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Section of Veterinary Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia / veterinary
- Anesthetics / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Combined
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Intravenous / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Local / pharmacology
- Animals
- Drug Interactions
- Enzymes / blood
- Female
- Hemodynamics / drug effects
- Horses
- Hydrocortisone / blood
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Insulin / blood
- Isoflurane / pharmacokinetics
- Ketamine
- Lidocaine / administration & dosage
- Male
- Midazolam
- Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal / enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
- Stress, Physiological / blood
- Surgery, Veterinary / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Peterson EW, Segabinazzi LGTM, Gilbert RO, Bergfelt DR, French HM. Evaluation of Stress Accompanying Immunocontraceptive Vaccination in Donkeys.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 13;12(4).
- Hernández-Avalos I, Mota-Rojas D, Mendoza-Flores JE, Casas-Alvarado A, Flores-Padilla K, Miranda-Cortes AE, Torres-Bernal F, Gómez-Prado J, Mora-Medina P. Nociceptive pain and anxiety in equines: Physiological and behavioral alterations.. Vet World 2021 Nov;14(11):2984-2995.
- Jain D, Bhagat H, Jain D. Effect of intravenous lignocaine infusion on the quality of emergence in patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors - A prospective, randomized controlled trial.. Surg Neurol Int 2020;11:154.
- Morris TB, Lumsden JM, Dunlop CI, Locke V, Sommerauer S, Hurcombe SDA. Clinical Assessment of an Ipsilateral Cervical Spinal Nerve Block for Prosthetic Laryngoplasty in Anesthetized Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:284.
- Vieitez V, Álvarez Gómez de Segura I, López Rámis V, Santella M, Ezquerra LJ. Total intravenous anaesthesia in a goat undergoing craniectomy.. BMC Vet Res 2017 Sep 15;13(1):287.
- Moran-Muñoz R, Valverde A, Ibancovichi JA, Acevedo-Arcique CM, Recillas-Morales S, Sanchez-Aparicio P, Osorio-Avalos J, Chavez-Monteagudo JR. Cardiovascular effects of constant rate infusions of lidocaine, lidocaine and dexmedetomidine, and dexmedetomidine in dogs anesthetized at equipotent doses of sevoflurane.. Can Vet J 2017 Jul;58(7):729-734.
- Malavasi LM, Greene SA, Gay JM, Grubb TL. Cardiopulmonary Effects of Constant-Rate Infusion of Lidocaine for Anesthesia during Abdominal Surgery in Goats.. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2016;55(4):431-5.
- Re M, Canfrán S, Largo C, Gómez de Segura IA. Effect of Lidocaine-Ketamine Infusions Combined with Morphine or Fentanyl in Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Pigs.. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2016;55(3):317-20.
- Queiroz-Williams P, Doherty TJ, da Cunha AF, Leonardi C. Effects of ketamine and lidocaine in combination on the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in alpacas.. Can J Vet Res 2016 Apr;80(2):141-5.
- Acevedo-Arcique CM, Ibancovichi JA, Chavez JR, Gutierrez-Blanco E, Moran-Muñoz R, Victoria-Mora JM, Tendillo-Cortijo F, Santos-González M, Sanchez-Aparicio P. Lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination reduce isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in dogs.. PLoS One 2014;9(9):e106620.
- Nóbrega Neto PI, Luna SP, Queiroz-Williams P, Mama KR, Steffey EP, Carregaro AB. Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Oct 9;9:199.
- El-Tahan MR, Warda OM, Diab DG, Ramzy EA, Matter MK. A randomized study of the effects of perioperative i.v. lidocaine on hemodynamic and hormonal responses for cesarean section.. J Anesth 2009;23(2):215-21.
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