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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Effects of intravenous lidocaine overdose on cardiac electri...
Equine veterinary journal2001; 33(5); 434-437; doi: 10.2746/042516401776254871

Effects of intravenous lidocaine overdose on cardiac electrical activity and blood pressure in the horse.

Abstract: This study aimed to identify blood serum lidocaine concentrations in the horse which resulted in clinical signs of intoxication, and to document the effects of toxic levels on the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems. Nineteen clinically normal mature horses of mixed breed, age and sex were observed. Lidocaine administration was initiated in each subject with an i.v. loading dose of 1.5 mg/kg bwt and followed by continuous infusion of 0.3 mg/kg bwt/min until clinical signs of intoxication were observed. Intoxication was defined as the development of skeletal muscle tremors. Prior to administration of lidocaine, blood samples for lidocaine analysis, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) data were collected. After recording baseline data, repeat data were collected at 5 min intervals until signs of intoxication were observed. The range of serum lidocaine concentrations at which the clinical signs of intoxication were observed was 1.85-4.53 microg/ml (mean +/- s.d. 3.24 +/- 0.74 microg/ml). Statistically significant changes in P wave duration, P-R interval, R-R interval and Q-T interval were observed in comparison to control values, as a result of lidocaine administration. These changes in ECG values did not fall outside published normal values and were not clinically significant. Heart rate, blood pressures and respiratory rates were unchanged from control values. This study establishes toxic serum lidocaine levels in the horse, and demonstrates that there were no clinically significant cardiovascular effects with serum lidocaine concentrations less than those required to produce signs of toxicity.
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Publication Date: 2001-09-18 PubMed ID: 11558736DOI: 10.2746/042516401776254871Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigated the effects of an intravenous overdose of lidocaine on heart activity and blood pressure in horses. The researchers sought to determine at which blood concentration levels the drug would produce visible signs of intoxication and monitored the impact on the subjects’ cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems.

Methodology

  • The experiment involved 19 clinically healthy horses of mixed breeds, ages, and sexes.
  • Each horse received an intravenous loading dose of lidocaine, followed by continuous infusion, with observation continuing until signs of intoxication manifested.
  • The primary indicator of intoxication was the onset of skeletal muscle tremors.
  • Before administering lidocaine, researchers collected various data including blood samples for lidocaine analysis, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) data.
  • The team collected repeat data every 5 minutes after administering lidocaine, until signs of intoxication were observed.

Findings

  • The recorded blood serum lidocaine concentrations at which signs of intoxication were observed ranged between 1.85-4.53 microg/ml.
  • Significant changes in P wave duration, P-R interval, R-R interval, and Q-T interval were all observed as a result of lidocaine administration. However, these did not exceed the normal values and were not clinically significant.
  • No changes were observed in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rates from the control values.

Conclusion

  • The study established toxic serum lidocaine levels in horses, providing a guide for understanding lidocaine intoxication in this species.
  • It was found that no clinically significant cardiovascular effects were observed with serum lidocaine concentrations less than those required to produce signs of toxicity, which indicates a degree of tolerance in horses to lidocaine at these levels.

Cite This Article

APA
Meyer GA, Lin HC, Hanson RR, Hayes TL. (2001). Effects of intravenous lidocaine overdose on cardiac electrical activity and blood pressure in the horse. Equine Vet J, 33(5), 434-437. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516401776254871

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 5
Pages: 434-437

Researcher Affiliations

Meyer, G A
  • Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Surgery and Medicine, Alabama 36849-5522, USA.
Lin, H C
    Hanson, R R
      Hayes, T L

        MeSH Terms

        • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage
        • Anesthetics, Local / adverse effects
        • Anesthetics, Local / blood
        • Animals
        • Behavior, Animal / drug effects
        • Blood Pressure / drug effects
        • Drug Overdose / physiopathology
        • Drug Overdose / veterinary
        • Electrocardiography / veterinary
        • Female
        • Heart Rate / drug effects
        • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
        • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
        • Horses
        • Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
        • Lidocaine / administration & dosage
        • Lidocaine / adverse effects
        • Lidocaine / blood
        • Male
        • Reference Values
        • Respiration / drug effects
        • Respiratory Function Tests

        Citations

        This article has been cited 6 times.
        1. van Spijk JN, Beckmann K, Wehrli Eser M, Stirn M, Steuer AE, Saleh L, Schoster A. Preliminary Investigation of Side Effects of Polymyxin B Administration in Hospitalized Horses.. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 May 5;12(5).
          doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12050854pubmed: 37237756google scholar: lookup
        2. Minuto J, Bedenice D, Ceresia M, Zaghloul I, Böhlke M, Mazan MR. Clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of nebulized lidocaine in healthy horses.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:984108.
          doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.984108pubmed: 36187809google scholar: lookup
        3. Vuerich M, Nannarone S. Retrograde Approach to Maxillary Nerve Block: An Alternative in Orofacial Surgeries in Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 May 27;12(11).
          doi: 10.3390/ani12111369pubmed: 35681833google scholar: lookup
        4. Venkatachalam D, Chambers P, Kongara K, Singh P. Toxicity and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Lidocaine and Its Active Metabolite, Monoethylglycinexylidide, in Goat Kids.. Animals (Basel) 2018 Aug 20;8(8).
          doi: 10.3390/ani8080142pubmed: 30127249google scholar: lookup
        5. Nóbrega Neto PI, Luna SP, Queiroz-Williams P, Mama KR, Steffey EP, Carregaro AB. Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Oct 9;9:199.
          doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-199pubmed: 24103634google scholar: lookup
        6. Waxman SJ, KuKanich B, Milligan M, Beard WL, Davis EG. Pharmacokinetics of concurrently administered intravenous lidocaine and flunixin in healthy horses.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012 Aug;35(4):413-6.
          doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01356.xpubmed: 22132770google scholar: lookup
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