Effects of mares’ age and day of gestation on efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction.
Abstract: Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUA) is a procedure which can be used for the reduction of twins post-fixation in the mare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the age of mares and the day of gestation on the outcome of TUA treatment. Methods: In 88 mares, diagnosed pregnant with twins, TUA of the yolk sac or allantoic fluid was performed between day 30 and 62 of gestation. Mares were aged 3-22 years. Ultrasonographic examination for a viable singleton pregnancy was performed by referring veterinarians 5-7 days and 4 weeks after TUA. Based on reported findings, effects of age and day of gestation on pregnancy rates were evaluated. Results: Four weeks after TUA, 67% of the cases resulted in a viable singleton pregnancy. Five to 7 days after TUA treatment, the success rate was 74%. The gestational period did not affect the outcome, irrespective of the age of the mare. In contrast, success rates decreased with increasing age of the mares (84% ≤ 7 years vs. 67% 8-14 years vs. 57% ≥ 15 years). In mares aged 8-14 years, a decrease in singleton pregnancies was observed, if TUA was performed after day 35 of gestation. Success rates were slightly higher, if twin vesicles were localized within separate uterine horns (73%) as compared to the same horn (66%). Differences in singleton pregnancy rates were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: TUA was found to be an effective procedure for reduction of twin pregnancies performed at days 30-62 of gestation. Success rates for singleton pregnancies were high for young mares ≤ 7 years old (84%) and middle aged mares treated before day 36 of pregnancy (74%). Duration of pregnancy at the time of TUA did not have a major impact on the outcome. Nevertheless, the procedure should optimally be performed around days 32-35 of pregnancy to allow for the possibility of natural reduction before treatment and rebreeding in case of a total pregnancy loss after TUA. Unassigned: Die transvaginale ultraschallgeleitete Aspiration (TUA) stellt eine Methode zur Zwillingsreduktion bei der Stute nach der Fixationsphase dar. Ziel der Studie war, den Einfluss von Alter und Trächtigkeitstag (TT) der Stuten auf die Resultate erfolgter TUAs zu beurteilen. Methods: Bei 88 Stuten im Alter von 3–22 Jahren mit diagnostizierter Zwillingsträchtigkeit wurde zwischen TT 30 und 62 eine Fruchtwasseraspiration vorgenommen. Die ultrasonographische Nach-untersuchung zur Feststellung einer intakten Einlingsgravidität führten die überweisenden Tierärzte 5–7 Tage sowie 4 Wochen nach der TUA durch. Basierend auf den mitgeteilten Befunden wurden die Einflüsse von Alter und Gestationstag der Stuten auf die Trächtigkeitsraten beurteilt. Unassigned: Die Rate für intakte Einlingsgraviditäten lag 4 Wochen nach der TUA bei 67%. Fünf bis 7 Tage nach dem Eingriff betrug die Erfolgsrate 74%. Unabhängig vom Alter der Stuten beeinflusste die Gestationsdauer die Ergebnisse nicht. Im Gegensatz dazu beeinträchtigte ein höheres Stutenalter die Behandlungserfolge (84% ≤ 7 Jahre vs. 67% 8–14 Jahre vs. 57% ≥ 15 Jahre). Bei 8–14 Jahre alten Stuten ergab sich eine geringere Reduktionsrate zur Einlingsgravidität, wenn die TUA nach dem 35. TT stattfand. Die Erfolgsrate für bicornuale Zwillingsträchtigkeiten (73%) lag leicht über der unicornualer (66%). Die Ergebnisse unterschieden sich nicht statistisch signifikant (p > 0,05). Unassigned: Die TUA erwies sich als effektive Maßnahme zur Zwillingsreduktion zwischen Tag 30 und 62 der Trächtigkeit. Hohe Raten von Einlingsgraviditäten wurden für junge Stuten ≤ 7 Jahre (84%) sowie vor dem 36. TT behandelte Stuten mittleren Alters (74%) erzielt. Die Trächtigkeitsdauer beeinflusste die TUA-Ergebnisse nicht maßgeblich. Dennoch sollte der Eingriff optimalerweise um TT 32–35 durchgeführt werden, um die Möglichkeit der natürlichen Zwillingsreduktion vor einer Behandlung sowie eine Wiederbelegung im Fall eines vollständigen Trächtigkeitsverlustes zu gewährleisten.
Schattauer GmbH.
Publication Date: 2018-06-14 PubMed ID: 29902817DOI: 10.15653/TPG-170741Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study analyzes the effects of mares’ age and days of gestation on the success rate of a procedure known as transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUA), used for reducing post-fixation twin pregnancies in mares. The study found out that while the mares’ age significantly affects the success rates of TUA, the days of gestation don’t carry as much weight on the outcome.
Study Methodology
- In the study, TUA was performed between days 30 to 62 of gestation on 88 mares aged between 3 to 22 years that were diagnosed with twin pregnancies.
- Follow up examinations were done by veterinarians on the 5th to the 7th day and the 4th week after TUA to check for viable singleton pregnancies.
- The researchers then evaluated the impact of the mares’ age and the days of gestation on the pregnancy rates.
Findings
- The study revealed that 67% of treated mares had viable singleton pregnancies four weeks after the TUA treatment. The success rate five to seven days after the treatment was slightly higher, at 74%.
- The age of the mare significantly affected the outcome, with younger mares (7 years or younger) having the highest success rate of 84%. This is compared to middle-aged mares (8-14 years) with a success rate of 67%, and older mares (15 years or older) who had a success rate of 57%.
- In mares aged 8-14 years, a decrease in singleton pregnancies was observed if TUA was performed after day 35 of gestation.
- The gestational period during which TUA was performed did not significantly affect the outcome, irrespective of the mare’s age.
Conclusion
- Overall, the study concluded that TUA is an effective procedure for reducing twin pregnancies at days 30 to 62 of gestation, with higher success rates being experienced in younger mares and middle-aged mares treated before day 36 of gestation.
- However, the researchers recommend that the procedure ideally be performed between days 32 to 35 of gestation to allow for natural reduction before treatment and to ensure potential rebreeding in the event of total pregnancy loss after TUA treatment.
Cite This Article
APA
Rau J, Tiedemann D, Sielhorst J, Tönissen A, Burger D, Martinsson G, Rohn K, Oldenhof H, Sieme H.
(2018).
Effects of mares’ age and day of gestation on efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction.
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 46(3), 172-177.
https://doi.org/10.15653/TPG-170741 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Horses / surgery
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal / methods
- Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal / veterinary
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal / methods
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors confirm that they do not have any conflict of interest.
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