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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2019; 34(1); 307-321; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15671

Effects of nebulized dexamethasone on the respiratory microbiota and mycobiota and relative equine herpesvirus-1, 2, 4, 5 in an equine model of asthma.

Abstract: Prolonged exposure to environmental antigens or allergens elicits an immune response in both healthy horses and those with mild asthma. Corticosteroids often are used to treat lower airway inflammation. Objective: To investigate the changes in equine herpesvirus (EHV)-1,2,4,5 glycoprotein B gene expression and changes in respiratory bacterial and fungal communities after nebulized dexamethasone treatment of horses with asthma. Methods: Horses with naturally occurring mild asthma (n = 16) and healthy control horses (n = 4). Methods: Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of EHV-1,2,4,5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and 16S (microbiome) and ITS2 (mycobiome) genes with subsequent sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from nasal swabs and transendoscopic tracheal aspirates before and after 13 days treatment with nebulized dexamethasone (15 mg q24h) and saline (control). Results: Nebulized dexamethasone treatment decreased microbial diversity; relative abundance of 8 genera in the upper respiratory tract were altered. For both the microbiota and the mycobiota, environment had a dominant effect over treatment. Alternaria, an opportunistic pathogen and allergen in humans recognized as a risk factor for asthma, asthma severity, and exacerbations, was increased with treatment. Treatment affected relative quantification of the equine gamma herpesviruses (EHV-2 and -5); EHV-2 DNA levels increased and those of EHV-5 decreased. Conclusions: Nebulized dexamethasone treatment affected the upper respiratory tract microbiota, but not the mycobiota, which was overwhelmed by the effect of a sustained dusty environment.
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-03 PubMed ID: 31793692PubMed Central: PMC6979091DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15671Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies the impact of nebulized dexamethasone treatment on horses with asthma. It analyzes the effects on equine herpesvirus gene expression and the upper respiratory tract’s bacterial and fungal communities. Nebulized dexamethasone altered microbial diversity, affected relative quantities of equine gamma herpesviruses, and increased Alternaria, a human-recognized asthma risk factor.

About the Study

  • The study investigates the changes in horses’ respiratory microbiota and mycobiota, and equine herpesvirus (EHV)-1,2,4,5 glycoprotein B gene expression after treatment with nebulized dexamethasone.
  • The subjects of the research were horses with naturally occurring mild asthma (16 horses) and healthy control horses (4 horses).
  • The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial.

Methodology

  • The researchers performed PCR amplification of EHV-1,2,4,5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and 16S (microbiome) and ITS2 (mycobiome) genes.
  • The research was conducted on DNA extracted from nasal swabs and transendoscopic tracheal aspirates before and after a 13-day course of nebulized dexamethasone treatment and saline (control).

Results

  • The treatment with nebulized dexamethasone decreased microbial diversity and altered the relative abundance of 8 genera in the upper respiratory tract.
  • The study saw a rise in the level of Alternaria after dexamethasone treatment – an opportunistic pathogen and allergen recognized as a risk factor for asthma, the severity of asthma, and exacerbations in humans.
  • It was also found that dexamethasone treatment influenced the relative quantification of equine gamma herpesviruses (EHV-2 and -5), with an increase in EHV-2 DNA levels and a decrease in EHV-5 levels.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that nebulized dexamethasone treatment had an impact on the upper respiratory tract’s microbiota. However, it did not significantly affect the mycobiota, as this was overwhelmed by the effect of a sustained dusty environment.

Cite This Article

APA
Bond SL, Workentine M, Hundt J, Gilkerson JR, Léguillette R. (2019). Effects of nebulized dexamethasone on the respiratory microbiota and mycobiota and relative equine herpesvirus-1, 2, 4, 5 in an equine model of asthma. J Vet Intern Med, 34(1), 307-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15671

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 34
Issue: 1
Pages: 307-321

Researcher Affiliations

Bond, Stephanie L
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Workentine, Matthew
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Hundt, Jana
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Gilkerson, James R
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Léguillette, Renaud
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
  • Asthma / drug therapy
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Bacteria / drug effects
  • Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
  • Fungi / drug effects
  • Herpesviridae / classification
  • Herpesviridae / drug effects
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Nebulizers and Vaporizers
  • Respiratory System / microbiology
  • Respiratory Therapy

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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This article has been cited 12 times.
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