Effects of ozone and airway inflammation on glutathione status and iron homeostasis in the lungs of horses.
Abstract: To investigate the effects of ozone and airway inflammation on indices of oxidant injury in horses. Methods: 5 clinically normal horses and 25 horses referred for poor performance. Methods: Blood, tracheal wash, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected before and after ozone exposure (n = 5) or from clinical cases (n = 25), and were analyzed for reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and free and total iron (Fe) values. A scoring system (0 to 5) was used to assess airway inflammation on the basis of clinical signs and cytologic analysis of the tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Results: Ozone induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in GSH (195.4 +/- 68.5 microM), GSSG (19.4 +/- 6.4 microM), and free (25.5 +/- 16.1 microM) and total (93.1 +/- 13.4 microM) Fe values in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, compared with preozone samples (49.2 +/- 18.6, 2.4 +/- 1.2, 0.0, and 33.1 +/- 5.9 microM, respectively). The presence of airway inflammation (19/25) was associated with high GSSG and free and total Fe, but not GSH, values in epithelial lining fluid, compared with values for clinically normal horses (6/25). There were no differences in the systemic values of GSH, GSSG, and free and total Fe between any of the groups. A strong correlation (r = 0.84; P < 0.001) existed between inflammation score and the glutathione redox ratio (GSSG/[GSH + GSSG]) in the 25 horses admitted for clinical examination. Conclusions: Oxidant injury in the lung will induce changes in the glutathione status and Fe homeostasis that could affect pathogenesis of the disease. Conclusions: Measurement of indices of oxidant injury may be useful in the diagnosis of airway inflammation and the response to inhaled oxidants.
Publication Date: 1996-09-01 PubMed ID: 8874733
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research explores the impact of ozone and airway inflammation on oxidant injury indicators in horses. The study specifically investigates reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), as well as free and total iron concentrations in horses exposed to ozone or suffering from airway inflammation.
Research Methodology
- The study involved a total of 30 horses, amongst which 5 were clinically normal and 25 were referred for poor performance.
- Blood, tracheal wash, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were obtained from the horses. Some of these samples were taken before and after the horses were exposed to ozone while the remainder were sampled from the 25 clinical cases.
- The samples were analyzed for concentrations of GSH, GSSG, and free and total iron.
- The researchers also employed a scoring system (from 0 to 5) to independently assess the severity of airway inflammation in each horse. This was achieved through the evaluation of clinical signs and cytologic analysis of the tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples.
Key Findings
- The exposure of horses to ozone led to significant increases in GSH, GSSG, and free and total iron concentrations in their respiratory epithelial lining fluid.
- The presence of airway inflammation was associated with high GSSG and free and total iron values, but not with GSH, in the epithelial lining fluid.
- No variances in the systemic levels of GSH, GSSG, and free and total iron were observed between the groups studied.
- A strong correlation was found between inflammation score and the glutathione redox ratio in the horses admitted for a clinical examination.
Conclusions of the Study
- The study concluded that conditions favoring oxidant injury in the lungs, such as exposure to ozone, can alter glutathione status and iron homeostasis in horses, possibly impacting disease pathogenesis.
- Furthermore, indices of oxidant injury, as studied here, could be useful diagnostic tools for detecting airway inflammation and understanding the response to inhaled oxidants.
Cite This Article
APA
Mills PC, Roberts CA, Smith NC.
(1996).
Effects of ozone and airway inflammation on glutathione status and iron homeostasis in the lungs of horses.
Am J Vet Res, 57(9), 1359-1363.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Centre, Animal Health Trust, New-Market, Suffolk, England.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Epithelium / metabolism
- Glutathione / analogs & derivatives
- Glutathione / metabolism
- Glutathione Disulfide
- Homeostasis
- Horse Diseases
- Horses
- Inflammation / physiopathology
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Iron / metabolism
- Lung / drug effects
- Lung / metabolism
- Ozone / pharmacology
- Reference Values
- Regression Analysis
- Tracheal Diseases / physiopathology
- Tracheal Diseases / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Brankston G, Greer AL, Marshall Q, Lang B, Moore K, Hodgins D, Hennessey JTG, Beeler-Marfisi J. Increased Weekly Mean PM(2.5), and NO(2) Are Associated With Increased Proportions of Lower Airway Granulocytes in Ontario Horses. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:185.
- Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020 May 1;151:38-55.
- Mills PC, Litster A. Using urea dilution to standardise cellular and non-cellular components of pleural and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids in the cat. J Feline Med Surg 2006 Apr;8(2):105-10.
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