Effects of pentoxifylline infusion on response of horses to in vivo challenge exposure with endotoxin.
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline on response of horses to in vivo challenge exposure with endotoxin. Methods: 24 healthy horses in 3 treatment groups: pentoxifylline, endotoxin, or endotoxin and pentoxifylline. Methods: Horses of the pentoxifylline group were given a bolus of pentoxifylline (7.5 mg/kg of body weight, i.v.), followed by an infusion (3 mg/kg/h) over 3 hours, and those of the endotoxin group were given 20 ng of endotoxin/kg i.v. over 30 minutes. Those of the combination group were given both of the aforementioned compounds; pentoxifylline was administered immediately after endotoxin. Clinical (rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure) and hematologic (WBC count; whole blood recalcification time; plasma fibrinogen, thromboxane B2, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentrations; plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity; and serum tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 activities) variables were evaluated over 24 hours. Results: Compared with baseline values, there were no significant changes in any variable over time in the horses receiving only pentoxifylline, with the exception of a significant increase in WBC count. Rectal temperature, heart rate, mean blood pressure, WBC count, whole blood recalcification time, fibrinogen concentration, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 activities, and plasma thromboxane B2 concentration changed significantly over time in horses of the endotoxin and endotoxin-pentoxifylline combination groups. Respiratory rate and plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration changed significantly over time only in horses of the endotoxin group. Compared with values for the endotoxin group, rectal temperature and respiratory rate were significantly lower, and whole blood recalcification time was longer for the endotoxin/pentoxifylline group. Conclusions: Beneficial effects of pentoxifylline are limited when it is administered i.v. to horses after in vivo challenge exposure with endotoxin.
Publication Date: 1997-11-15 PubMed ID: 9361896
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research looks at how pentoxifylline, a drug, affects horses’ response to in vivo challenge exposure with endotoxin, a toxin present in bacterial cells.
Experiment Design
- The researchers conducted an experiment on 24 healthy horses divided into three groups. Each group was treated differently: one with pentoxifylline, one with endotoxin, and one with a combination of both.
- The pentoxifylline treatment involved an initial dose followed by an infused dose over the next three hours. The endotoxin group was given a dose intravenously over 30 minutes.
- The combination group was given both of the above with the pentoxifylline administered immediately after the endotoxin.
Measurements
- Several variables were measured over a 24-hour period, among them clinical factors like rectal temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
- Hematologic variables were also measured. They included white blood cell count, fibrinogen concentration, and serum tumor necrosis factor.
Results of the Study
- The results were compared to baseline values, and in horses who received only pentoxifylline there were no significant changes except for an increase in white blood cell count.
- In the groups receiving endotoxin and a combination of endotoxin and pentoxifylline, there were significant changes in many variables over time, including heart rate, blood pressure, and several hematological variables. The respiratory rate and prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration only significantly changed over time in the endotoxin group.
- When compared to the endotoxin-only group, horses in the combination group had significantly lower rectal temperatures and respiratory rates, and longer blood recalcification times.
Conclusion
- The study concludes that the beneficial effects of pentoxifylline, when administered intravenously to horses after in vivo challenge exposure with endotoxin, are limited.
Cite This Article
APA
Barton MH, Moore JN, Norton N.
(1997).
Effects of pentoxifylline infusion on response of horses to in vivo challenge exposure with endotoxin.
Am J Vet Res, 58(11), 1300-1307.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
MeSH Terms
- 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / blood
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Blood Pressure / physiology
- Body Temperature / physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endotoxemia / blood
- Endotoxemia / physiopathology
- Endotoxemia / veterinary
- Endotoxins / pharmacology
- Fibrinogen / analysis
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Heart Rate / physiology
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Infusions, Intravenous / methods
- Infusions, Intravenous / veterinary
- Interleukin-6 / blood
- Leukocyte Count / drug effects
- Leukocyte Count / veterinary
- Pentoxifylline / administration & dosage
- Pentoxifylline / pharmacology
- Plasminogen Inactivators / blood
- Respiration / drug effects
- Respiration / physiology
- Thromboxane B2 / blood
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
- Vasodilator Agents / administration & dosage
- Vasodilator Agents / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC, Messenger KM, Schaefer E, Council-Troche RM, Werre SR. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Mar;37(2):718-727.
- Martin EM, Schirmer JM, Jones SL, Davis JL. Pharmacokinetics and ex vivo anti-inflammatory effects of oral misoprostol in horses. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):415-421.
- Mitchell CF, Fugler LA, Eades SC. The management of equine acute laminitis. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015;6:39-47.
- Shaw SD, Stämpfli H. Diagnosis and Treatment of Undifferentiated and Infectious Acute Diarrhea in the Adult Horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018 Apr;34(1):39-53.
- Martin EM, Messenger KM, Sheats MK, Jones SL. Misoprostol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production by Equine Leukocytes. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:160.
- Mendoza FJ, Buzon-Cuevas A, Aguilera-Aguilera R, Gonzalez-De Cara CA, De Las Heras A, Perez-Ecija A. Hemodynamic Response to Lipopolysaccharide Infusion and Effect of Meloxicam Administration on Cardiac Function in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2024 Dec 18;14(24).
- Gomez DE, Kopper JJ, Byrne DP, Renaud DL, Schoster A, Dunkel B, Arroyo LG, Mykkanen A, Gilsenan WF, Pihl TH, Lopez-Navarro G, Tennent-Brown BS, Hostnik LD, Mora-Pereira M, Marques F, Gold JR, DeNotta SL, Desjardins I, Stewart AJ, Kuroda T, Schaefer E, Oliver-Espinosa OJ, Agne GF, Uberti B, Veiras P, Delph Miller KM, Gialleti R, John E, Toribio RE. Treatment approaches to horses with acute diarrhea admitted to referral institutions: A multicenter retrospective study. PLoS One 2024;19(11):e0313783.
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