FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Equine veterinary journal. Supplement2013; (43); 12-16; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00637.x

Effects of repeated intra-articular administration of amikacin on serum amyloid A, total protein and nucleated cell count in synovial fluid from healthy horses.

Abstract: Serum amyloid A (SAA) in synovial fluid has recently been used as a marker for septic arthritis in horses but the effects of repeated intra-articular (IA) administration of amikacin on synovial SAA concentrations are unknown. Objective: To report the effect of repeated IA administration of amikacin on SAA, total protein (TP), nucleated cell count (NCC) and differential NCC in synovial fluid of healthy equine joints. Methods: A controlled, 2 period crossover study was performed on 5 clinically healthy horses. Each intercarpal joint received one of 2 treatments every 48 h for 5 consecutive times: arthrocentesis alone (control group) or arthrocentesis combined with IA administration of 500 mg of amikacin (treatment group). Clinical and lameness examinations were performed daily. Serum SAA and synovial SAA, TP, NCC and differential NCC were measured and statistically compared. Significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: Horses remained healthy and nonlame throughout the study. Baseline values for all variables were not significantly different between groups. Values for TP in the treatment group were significantly higher than in the control group after the first sample (P < 0.05). In both groups NCC increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the first sample. No significant changes were identified in differential NCC. In both groups, all synovial and most serum SAA concentrations remained below the lower limit of quantification. Conclusions: Repeated IA administration of amikacin caused increased values of TP and NCC in synovial fluid, with some TP concentrations falling within the range reported for septic arthritis. In contrast, synovial SAA concentrations did not increase in either group. Conclusions: Synovial SAA could serve as a more reliable marker than TP and NCC when evaluating a joint previously sampled or treated with amikacin.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2013-03-02 PubMed ID: 23447871DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00637.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Controlled Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the effects of applying amikacin, a type of antibiotic, directly into a joint of healthy horses and focuses on how it might impact SAA (a protein marker for inflammation), total protein, and nucleated cell count in the synovial fluid. The study suggests that synovial Serum Amyloid A (SAA) could be a more reliable marker than total protein and nucleated cell count when evaluating a horse’s joint that has been previously treated with amikacin.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The aim of this controlled, crossover study was to observe the impact of repeated intra-articular administration of amikacin on horses’ synovial fluid’s SAA, total protein, nucleated cell count and differential nucleated cell count.
  • The experiments were conducted on five clinically healthy horses, with each intercarpal joint receiving one of two treatments for five consecutive times. These treatments were either arthrocentesis alone in the control group or arthrocentesis combined with an intra-articular administration of 500mg of amikacin in the treatment group. Regular clinical and lameness examinations were performed on all horses daily.

Results and Findings

  • The horses remained healthy and nonlame throughout the study. There were no significant differences in baseline values for all variables between the two groups.
  • However, values for total protein in the treatment group were significantly higher than in the control group after the first sample.
  • Nucleated cell count also increased significantly in both groups after the first sample but there were no significant changes identified in the differential nucleated cell count.
  • All synovial and most serum SAA concentrations remained below the lower limit of quantification in both groups which implies that administration of amikacin did not elevate SAA levels.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that repeated intra-articular administration of amikacin caused increased values of total protein and nucleated cell count in the synovial fluid but did not affect the levels of synovial SAA levels, with some total protein concentrations even falling within the range reported for septic arthritis.
  • The fact that synovial SAA concentrations did not increase in either group implies that synovial SAA could potentially be a more reliable marker than total protein and nucleated cell count when evaluating a joint in a horse that has been previously sampled or treated with amikacin.

Cite This Article

APA
Sanchez Teran AF, Rubio-Martinez LM, Villarino NF, Sanz MG. (2013). Effects of repeated intra-articular administration of amikacin on serum amyloid A, total protein and nucleated cell count in synovial fluid from healthy horses. Equine Vet J Suppl(43), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00637.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
NlmUniqueID: 9614088
Country: United States
Language: English
Issue: 43
Pages: 12-16

Researcher Affiliations

Sanchez Teran, A F
  • Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
Rubio-Martinez, L M
    Villarino, N F
      Sanz, M G

        MeSH Terms

        • Amikacin / administration & dosage
        • Amikacin / adverse effects
        • Animals
        • Cross-Over Studies
        • Female
        • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
        • Horses
        • Injections, Intra-Articular
        • Joint Diseases / chemically induced
        • Joint Diseases / veterinary
        • Proteins / chemistry
        • Proteins / metabolism
        • Serum Amyloid A Protein / chemistry
        • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
        • Synovial Fluid / chemistry
        • Synovial Fluid / cytology

        Citations

        This article has been cited 17 times.
        1. Koziy RV, Katselis GS, Yoshimura S, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025 Jan;37(1):42-54.
          doi: 10.1177/10406387241299873pubmed: 39688235google scholar: lookup
        2. Thurston CC, Stefanovski D, MacKinnon MC, Chapman HS, Richardson DW, Levine DG. Serum amyloid A and fibrinogen as markers for early detection of surgical site infection associated with internal fixation in the horse. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:960865.
          doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960865pubmed: 36299628google scholar: lookup
        3. Pezzanite L, Chow L, Hendrickson D, Gustafson DL, Russell Moore A, Stoneback J, Griffenhagen GM, Piquini G, Phillips J, Lunghofer P, Dow S, Goodrich LR. Evaluation of Intra-Articular Amikacin Administration in an Equine Non-inflammatory Joint Model to Identify Effective Bactericidal Concentrations While Minimizing Cytotoxicity. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:676774.
          doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.676774pubmed: 34095281google scholar: lookup
        4. Frydendal C, Nielsen KB, Berg LC, van Galen G, Adler DMT, Andreassen SM, Jacobsen S. Influence of clinical and experimental intra-articular inflammation on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations in horses. Vet Surg 2021 Apr;50(3):641-649.
          doi: 10.1111/vsu.13582pubmed: 33522003google scholar: lookup
        5. Yoshimura S, Koziy RV, Dickinson R, Moshynskyy I, McKenzie JA, Simko E, Bracamonte JL. Use of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid to detect eradication of infection in experimental septic arthritis in horses. Can J Vet Res 2020 Jul;84(3):198-204.
          pubmed: 32801454
        6. Pezzanite L, Chow L, Piquini G, Griffenhagen G, Ramirez D, Dow S, Goodrich L. Use of in vitro assays to identify antibiotics that are cytotoxic to normal equine chondrocytes and synovial cells. Equine Vet J 2021 May;53(3):579-589.
          doi: 10.1111/evj.13314pubmed: 32544273google scholar: lookup
        7. Sinovich M, Villarino NF, Singer E, Robinson CS, Rubio-Martínez LM. Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?. Vet Rec 2020 Sep 19;187(6):235.
          doi: 10.1136/vr.105153pubmed: 32098906google scholar: lookup
        8. Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
          doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.12.005pubmed: 32007299google scholar: lookup
        9. Smit Y, Marais HJ, Thompson PN, Mahne AT, Goddard A. Clinical findings, synovial fluid cytology and growth factor concentrations after intra-articular use of a platelet-rich product in horses with osteoarthritis. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019 May 23;90(0):e1-e9.
          doi: 10.4102/jsava.v90i0.1721pubmed: 31170778google scholar: lookup
        10. Koziy RV, Yoshimura S, Dickinson R, Rybicka JM, Moshynskyy I, Ngeleka M, Bracamonte JL, Simko E. Use of standard diagnostic techniques to determine eradication of infection in experimental equine septic arthritis. Can J Vet Res 2019 Jan;83(1):24-33.
          pubmed: 30670899
        11. Witkowska-Piłaszewicz OD, Żmigrodzka M, Winnicka A, Miśkiewicz A, Strzelec K, Cywińska A. Serum amyloid A in equine health and disease. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):293-298.
          doi: 10.1111/evj.13062pubmed: 30565319google scholar: lookup
        12. Anderson JR, Phelan MM, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ, Rubio-Martinez LM. Synovial Fluid Metabolites Differentiate between Septic and Nonseptic Joint Pathologies. J Proteome Res 2018 Aug 3;17(8):2735-2743.
          doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00190pubmed: 29969035google scholar: lookup
        13. Niemelä TM, Tulamo RM, Aaltonen K, Sankari SM, Hielm-Björkman AK. Changes in biomarkers in equine synovial fluid two weeks after intra-articular hyaluronan treatment: a randomised double-blind clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2018 Jun 15;14(1):186.
          doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1512-2pubmed: 29907111google scholar: lookup
        14. Robinson CS, Singer ER, Piviani M, Rubio-Martinez LM. Are serum amyloid A or D-lactate useful to diagnose synovial contamination or sepsis in horses?. Vet Rec 2017 Oct 21;181(16):425.
          doi: 10.1136/vr.104386pubmed: 28765498google scholar: lookup
        15. Andreassen SM, Vinther AML, Nielsen SS, Andersen PH, Tnibar A, Kristensen AT, Jacobsen S. Changes in concentrations of haemostatic and inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid after intra-articular injection of lipopolysaccharide in horses. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jun 19;13(1):182.
          doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1089-1pubmed: 28629364google scholar: lookup
        16. Haltmayer E, Schwendenwein I, Licka TF. Course of serum amyloid A (SAA) plasma concentrations in horses undergoing surgery for injuries penetrating synovial structures, an observational clinical study. BMC Vet Res 2017 May 22;13(1):137.
          doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1057-9pubmed: 28532514google scholar: lookup
        17. Hunter BG, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Larson MK. Tiludronate concentrations and cytologic findings in synovial fluid after intravenous regional limb perfusion with tiludronate in horses. PeerJ 2015;3:e889.
          doi: 10.7717/peerj.889pubmed: 25945303google scholar: lookup
        Subscribe to our newsletter
        Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.