Effects of ventriculectomy, prosthetic laryngoplasty, and exercise on upper airway function in horses with induced left laryngeal hemiplegia.
Abstract: Effects of ventriculectomy and prosthetic laryngoplasty on upper airway flow mechanics and blood gas tensions in exercising horses with induced left laryngeal hemiplegia were assessed. Five adult horses were trained to stand, trot (4.5 m/s), and gallop (7.2 m/s) on a treadmill (6.38 degrees incline). Inspiratory and expiratory airflows (VImax, VEmax, respectively) were measured using a 15.2-cm diameter pneumotachograph in a face mask. Inspiratory and expiratory transupper airway pressures (PuI, PuE, respectively) were determined as pressure differences between barometric pressure and lateral tracheal pressure. Blood collected from exteriorized carotid arteries was analyzed for PaO2, PaCO2, pH, hemoglobin (Hb) content, and HCO3- values. Heart rate (HR) was determined with an HR monitor. Measurements were made with horses standing, trotting, and galloping before left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy (LRLN; base line), 14 days after LRLN, 30 days after ventriculectomy (44 days after LRLN), and 14 days after prosthetic laryngoplasty (58 days after LRLN). Before LRLN (base line), increasing treadmill speed for horses from standing to the trot and gallop progressively increased HR, respiratory frequency, VImax, VEmax, PuI, PuE, Hb, and PaCO2 values and decreased PaO2, pH, and HCO3- values; inspiratory and expiratory impedances were unchanged. After LRLN, inspiratory impedance and PuI were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in horses at the trot and gallop, and PaCO2 was significantly increased in horses at the gallop. The VImax and respiratory frequency were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in horses at the gallop. Left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy had no effect on PuE, VEmax, HR, PaO2, pH, Hb, or expiratory impedance values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1988-10-01 PubMed ID: 3189995
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates the impact of certain surgical procedures, specifically ventriculectomy and prosthetic laryngoplasty, on the upper airway function and gas exchange in horses with an induced condition called left laryngeal hemiplegia. The effects on different levels of exercise were also examined.
Overview of the Research
- The study involved five adult horses that were trained to perform varying degrees of exercise on a treadmill — standing, trotting, and galloping.
- Various parameters such as inspiratory and expiratory airflows, transupper airway pressures, and blood gas tensions were measured. Heart rate was also monitored.
- The horses underwent left recurrent laryngeal neurectomy (LRLN), followed by ventriculectomy and prosthetic laryngoplasty.
- Observations and measurements were taken at different time intervals: before LRLN procedure (baseline), 14 days after LRLN, 30 days after ventriculectomy, and 14 days after prosthetic laryngoplasty.
Key Findings
- Before the LRLN procedure, the researchers identified a noticeable increase in heart rate, respiratory frequency, airflow rates, airway pressures, hemoglobin (Hb) content, and carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) in response to increased treadmill speed. Noteworthy were decreases in oxygen pressure (PaO2), pH, and bicarbonate values.
- Following LRLN, the resistance to airflow during inspiration, the intra-airway pressure during inspiration, and carbon dioxide pressures significantly increased during trotting and galloping. Maximum obtained during inspiration and respiratory rate significantly decreased during galloping.
- There were no significant changes seen after LRLN in terms of expiratory airway pressure, maximum volume expired, heart rate, oxygen pressure, pH, Hb content, or the resistance to airflow during expiration.
Conclusions
- The study provides valuable insights into the effects of LRLN, ventriculectomy, and prosthetic laryngoplasty on airway dynamics in horses, especially during different levels of exercise.
- It demonstrates how the surgical procedures and induced left laryngeal hemiplegia influence airflow, airway pressures, gas exchange, blood chemistry and heart rates in horses.
- The overall findings can contribute to developments in equine healthcare, particularly in the management and treatment of respiratory disorders.
Cite This Article
APA
Shappell KK, Derksen FJ, Stick JA, Robinson NE.
(1988).
Effects of ventriculectomy, prosthetic laryngoplasty, and exercise on upper airway function in horses with induced left laryngeal hemiplegia.
Am J Vet Res, 49(10), 1760-1765.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Pulmonary Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
MeSH Terms
- Airway Obstruction / physiopathology
- Airway Obstruction / surgery
- Airway Obstruction / veterinary
- Animals
- Body Temperature
- Female
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horses
- Larynx / surgery
- Male
- Physical Exertion
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- Vocal Cord Paralysis / physiopathology
- Vocal Cord Paralysis / surgery
- Vocal Cord Paralysis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Lean NE, Bertin FR, Ahern BJ. Influence of unilateral and bilateral vocal cordectomy on airflow across cadaveric equine larynges at different Rakestraw grades of arytenoid abduction.. Vet Surg 2022 Aug;51(6):974-981.
- Rhee HS, Steel CM, Derksen FJ, Robinson NE, Hoh JF. Immunohistochemical analysis of laryngeal muscles in normal horses and horses with subclinical recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.. J Histochem Cytochem 2009 Aug;57(8):787-800.
- Greenfield CL, Alsup JC, Hungerford LL, McKiernan BC. Bilateral recurrent laryngeal neurectomy as a model for the study of idiopathic canine laryngeal paralysis.. Can Vet J 1997 Mar;38(3):163-7.
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