Effects of xylazine hydrochloride during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses.
Abstract: To quantitate dose- and time-related anesthetic-sparing effects of xylazine hydrochloride (XYL) during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses and to characterize selected physiologic responses of anesthetized horses to administration of XYL. Methods: 6 healthy adult horses. Methods: Horses were anesthetized 2 times to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in O2 and to characterize the anesthetic-sparing effect (MAC reduction) after IV administration of XYL (0.5 and 1 mg/kg of body weight, random order). Selected measures of cardiopulmonary function, blood glucose concentrations, and urinary output also were measured during the anesthetic studies. Results: Isoflurane MAC (mean +/- SEM) was reduced by 24.8 +/- 0.5 and 34.2 +/- 1.9% at 42 +/- 7 and 67 +/- 10 minutes, respectively, after administration of XYL at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. Amount of MAC reduction by XYL was dose- and time-dependent. Overall, cardiovascular and respiratory values varied little among treatments. Administration of XYL increased blood glucose concentration; the magnitude of change was dose- and time-dependent. Urine volume increased but not significantly. Conclusions: Administration of XYL reduced the anesthetic requirement for isoflurane in horses. The magnitude of the decrease is dose- and time-dependent. Administration of XYL increases blood glucose concentration in anesthetized horses in a dose-related manner.
Publication Date: 2000-10-20 PubMed ID: 11039552DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1225Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research paper explores the impact of xylazine hydrochloride on isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses, focusing on its anesthetic-sparing effects and its influence on certain physiological responses.
Research Method
- The study involved six healthy adult horses that were each anesthetized twice. This was done to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (an anesthetic gas) in oxygen and establish how xylazine hydrochloride (a sedative and muscle relaxant) reduces this concentration (a phenomenon known as the anesthetic-sparing effect).
- The drug xylazine hydrochloride was administered intravenously at two different doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg of body weight), in random order.
- During the anesthetic studies, the research team took measurements of cardiopulmonary function, blood glucose concentrations, and urinary output in the horses.
Research Findings & Conclusions
- The study revealed that isoflurane MAC was reduced by around 24.8% and 34.2% at respectively 42 and 67 minutes after administration of xylazine hydrochloride at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. This indicates that the anesthetic-sparing effect of xylazine hydrochloride is both dose- and time-dependent.
- Cardiovascular and respiratory values varied little among the different treatments, suggesting that xylazine hydrochloride had minimal impact on these physiological functions.
- Xylazine hydrochloride administration led to an increase in blood glucose concentration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which signifies its ability to alter blood glucose levels in horses under anesthetic.
- There was also an increase in urine volume, but it was not statistically significant.
- The study concluded that by reducing the anesthetic requirement for isoflurane, xylazine hydrochloride could be an effective anesthetic-sparing agent. However, its administration also affects blood glucose concentration in a dose-related manner, which should be taken into account when using the drug.
Cite This Article
APA
Steffey EP, Pascoe PJ, Woliner MJ, Berryman ER.
(2000).
Effects of xylazine hydrochloride during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 61(10), 1225-1231.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1225 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses / metabolism
- Isoflurane / administration & dosage
- Male
- Pulmonary Alveoli / metabolism
- Xylazine / administration & dosage
- Xylazine / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Brandly JE, Midon M, Douglas HF, Hopster K. Flow-controlled expiration reduces positive end-expiratory pressure requirement in dorsally recumbent, anesthetized horses. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1135452.
- Wiederkehr A, Barbarossa A, Ringer SK, Jörger FB, Bryner M, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Clinical Randomized Comparison of Medetomidine and Xylazine for Isoflurane Balanced Anesthesia in Horses. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:603695.
- Niyom S, Mama KR, King M, Contino E, Ferris D, Valdes-Martinez A, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith W, Zumbrunnen J. Influence of changing lateral recumbency and mode of ventilation on the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient and selected laboratory analytes in adult isoflurane anesthetized horses. J Vet Med Sci 2018 Nov 1;80(10):1584-1589.
- Niimura Del Barrio MC, David F, Hughes JML, Clifford D, Wilderjans H, Bennett R. A retrospective report (2003-2013) of the complications associated with the use of a one-man (head and tail) rope recovery system in horses following general anaesthesia. Ir Vet J 2018;71:6.
- Jaber SM, Sullivan S, Hankenson FC, Kilbaugh TJ, Margulies SS. Comparison of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure with Toe Pinch and Bispectral Index for Monitoring the Depth of Anesthesia in Piglets. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2015 Sep;54(5):536-44.
- Brosnan RJ. Inhaled anesthetics in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Apr;29(1):69-87.
- Straticò P, Guerri G, Bandera L, Celani G, Di Nunzio L, Petrizzi L, Varasano V. Comparison of Xylazine and Lidocaine Infusion versus Medetomidine Continuous Rate Infusion during General Anesthesia with Isoflurane in Horses Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy. Vet Sci 2024 Apr 29;11(5).
- Ballók B, Schranc Á, Tóth I, Somogyi P, Tolnai J, Peták F, Fodor GH. Comparison of the respiratory effects of commonly utilized general anaesthesia regimes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Front Physiol 2023;14:1249127.
- Ruíz-López P, Cuypers C, Schauvliege S. Xylazine Infusion during Equine Colic Anesthesia with Isoflurane and Lidocaine: A Retrospective Study. Animals (Basel) 2023 Sep 13;13(18).
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