Efficacy of epidural lidocaine combined with tramadol or neostigmine on perineal analgesia in the horse.
Abstract: Short duration of analgesia is among the limitations of a single epidural injection with lidocaine in horses. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of epidural lidocaine in combination with either tramadol or neostigmine for perineal analgesia in horses. Methods: Epidural catheters were placed in 6 saddle horses that then were given 3 treatments: 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) alone, 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) plus tramadol (0.5 mg/kg bwt), and 2% lidocaine (0.2 mg/kg bwt) plus neostigmine (1.0 μg/kg bwt). The order of treatments was randomised. Haemodynamic variables, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, motor block and behaviour scores were compared among the 3 treatments. These parameters were determined before drug administration (baseline), at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min, and every 30 min thereafter until loss of analgesia. Results: Duration of analgesia was longer with lidocaine plus tramadol (210 ± 12 min) compared with lidocaine plus neostigmine (150 ± 35 min) or lidocaine alone (70 ± 12 min; P<0.05). All treatments produced mild or moderate motor block without behavioural changes. Other adverse effects were not observed in any of the horses. Conclusions: Further studies are required to demonstrate whether tramadol or neostigmine have a role in the management of post operative pain when coadministered with lidocaine.
© 2012 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2012-10-23 PubMed ID: 23094908DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00654.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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This is a veterinary study exploring the improved efficacy of combined epidural injections of lidocaine and either tramadol or neostigmine in providing perineal analgesia for horses.
Objective of Study
- The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of using a combination of lidocaine with either tramadol or neostigmine as an epidural injection in horses. The treatment aims to improve the perineal analgesia duration which is usually short with lidocaine alone.
Research Design and Methods
- Six saddle horses were involved in this experiment, on which epidural catheters were placed. These horses were subjected to three different treatments involving 2% lidocaine. The first treatment was of lidocaine alone, the second treatment combined lidocaine with tramadol, and the third combined lidocaine with neostigmine.
- The order of treatments was randomized for each horse to eliminate any order bias.
- The effect of these treatments was measured by examining hemodynamic variables, respiratory rates, rectal temperature, analgesia duration, motor block intensity and behavioural scores. Monitoring of these parameters started before drug application and was repeated at different intervals following each treatment.
Results of the Study
- The study found out that the duration of analgesia was significantly improved when lidocaine was administered with tramadol, lasting for approximately 210 minutes, compared to either lidocaine with neostigmine, lasting for about 150 minutes, or lidocaine alone, which only provided analgesia for an average of 70 minutes.
- All treatments caused mild or moderate motor block but no behavioural changes were noted.
- No other adverse effects were reported in any of the horses across all three treatments.
Study Conclusion
- While the primary conclusion of this study is that a combination of lidocaine and tramadol improves analgesia in horses most effectively, it emphasizes that additional research is required to further validate the role of tramadol and neostigmine in post-operative pain management when used with lidocaine.
Cite This Article
APA
DeRossi R, Módolo TJ, Maciel FB, Pagliosa RC.
(2012).
Efficacy of epidural lidocaine combined with tramadol or neostigmine on perineal analgesia in the horse.
Equine Vet J, 45(4), 497-502.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00654.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil. rafael.rossi@ufms.br
MeSH Terms
- Analgesia / veterinary
- Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Local / pharmacology
- Animals
- Cross-Over Studies
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Lidocaine / administration & dosage
- Lidocaine / pharmacology
- Neostigmine / administration & dosage
- Neostigmine / pharmacology
- Pain / prevention & control
- Pain / veterinary
- Parasympathomimetics / administration & dosage
- Parasympathomimetics / pharmacology
- Perineum
- Tramadol / administration & dosage
- Tramadol / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Vullo C, Falcone A, Marino G, Monti S, Tambella AM, Bufalari A, Catone G. Comparison between the effects of epidural lidocaine, tramadol, and lidocaine-tramadol on postoperative pain in cats undergoing elective orchiectomy.. Acta Vet Scand 2023 Jul 11;65(1):33.
- Salem M, Rizk A, Mosbah E, Zaghloul A, Karrouf G, Abass M. Antinociceptive effect of lidocaine, tramadol, and their combination for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in rabbits undergoing experimental knee surgery.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jun 29;18(1):252.
- Ismail ZB. Epidural analgesia in cattle, buffalo, and camels.. Vet World 2016 Dec;9(12):1450-1455.
- Hermeto LC, DeRossi R, Marques BC, Jardim PH. Potentiation of epidural lidocaine by co-administering tramadol by either intramuscular or epidural route in cats.. Can J Vet Res 2015 Jul;79(3):214-20.
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