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Efficacy of equine influenza vaccines for protection against A/Equine/Jilin/89 (H3N8)–a new equine influenza virus.
Abstract: A new H3N8 equine influenza virus [A/Equine/Jilin/1/89 (Eq/Jilin)] appeared in Northeastern China in 1989 and caused high mortality in horses; the available evidence indicates that it has not yet spread outside this region of the world. Serological analysis with postinfection ferret sera in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests confirmed that Eq/Jilin is antigenically distinct from H3N8 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1963 and 1991 and also showed that a current equine influenza virus [A/Equine/Alaska/1/91 (H3N8)] had undergone antigenic drift. In the present study we determine if vaccine against a recent H3N8 influenza virus [A/Equine/Kentucky/1277/90 (Eq/Kentucky)] that was standardized for haemagglutinin content will protect mice against lethal challenge with the new H3N8 influenza virus from China. Complete protection is defined as prevention of virus replication in the lungs of mice 3 days after challenge. High doses of Eq/Kentucky vaccine in aqueous suspension (0.5-5.0 micrograms HA per dose) provided minimal protection against Eq/Jilin challenge as judged by virus titres in the lungs of vaccinated animals. Eq/Kentucky vaccine in adjuvant (1.0-5.0 micrograms HA per dose) did provide complete protection against challenge with Eq/Jilin in mice. Eq/Jilin vaccine in aqueous suspension induced complete protection of mice against challenge with Eq/Kentucky at doses from 0.5 to 5 micrograms HA and in adjuvant doses of Eq/Jilin from 0.1-5.0 micrograms HA were efficacious. Homologous protection against Eq/Jilin or Eq/Kentucky was induced by doses of vaccine from 0.5-5.0 micrograms HA per dose in aqueous suspension and from 0.01-5.0 micrograms HA per dose in adjuvant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1993-01-01 PubMed ID: 8212831DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(93)90122-eGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research in this article looks into the effectiveness of equine influenza vaccines against a new strain of the virus, A/Equine/Jilin/1/89 (H3N8), that appeared in China in 1989. The study was focused on whether a vaccine against a recent strain could protect mice against the new strain, testing levels of virus replication in their lungs.
Research Focus and Methodology
- The research was prompted by the appearance of a new H3N8 equine influenza virus—Eq/Jilin—in Northeastern China in 1989. This virus had caused high death rates in horses but evidence showed that it had not yet spread beyond this region.
- The objective of the study was to determine whether a vaccine created for a recent H3N8 influenza virus, Eq/Kentucky, would provide protection against this new Chinese virus. Protection was defined as preventing virus replication in the lungs of mice three days after exposure to the virus.
- Two types of vaccines were used in the study: aqueous suspension (a type of liquid vaccine) and one with an adjuvant (an ingredient used to boost the body’s immune response to the vaccine). Different doses were administered to test their effectiveness.
Findings
- Results showed that high doses of the Eq/Kentucky vaccine in aqueous suspension provided only minimal protection against the Eq/Jilin challenge, as indicated by virus rates in the lungs of the vaccinated animals.
- The Eq/Kentucky vaccine with adjuvant did provide complete protection against the Eq/Jilin challenge in mice.
- A vaccine produced with Eq/Jilin in aqueous suspension produced complete protection against the Eq/Kentucky strain and adjuvant doses of the Eq/Jilin demonstrated efficacy.
- Overall, these findings show that vaccines using higher doses in aqueous suspension, as well as adjuvant doses, were capable of inducing homologous protection against both the Eq/Jilin and the Eq/Kentucky H3N8 influenza virus.
Implications
- The results from this research could potentially inform the development of future equine influenza vaccines, providing detail on what quantities and methods of vaccination work best.
- Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of ongoing vaccine research and development in response to new strains of viruses.
Cite This Article
APA
Webster RG, Thomas TL.
(1993).
Efficacy of equine influenza vaccines for protection against A/Equine/Jilin/89 (H3N8)–a new equine influenza virus.
Vaccine, 11(10), 987-993.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(93)90122-e Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN 38101.
MeSH Terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Chick Embryo
- Female
- Ferrets
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / standards
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Suspensions
Grant Funding
- AI-08831 / NIAID NIH HHS
- AI-29680 / NIAID NIH HHS
- CA-21765 / NCI NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Sreenivasan CC, Thomas M, Kaushik RS, Wang D, Li F. Influenza A in Bovine Species: A Narrative Literature Review. Viruses 2019 Jun 17;11(6).
- Romagosa A, Allerson M, Gramer M, Joo HS, Deen J, Detmer S, Torremorell M. Vaccination of influenza a virus decreases transmission rates in pigs. Vet Res 2011 Dec 20;42(1):120.
- Li D, Xue M, Wang C, Wang J, Chen P. Bursopentine as a novel immunoadjuvant enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to inactivated H9N2 Avian Influenza virus in chickens. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011 Sep;18(9):1497-502.
- Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao L, Liu X, Ye Q, Tan WS. Comparative N‑glycoproteomics Characterization of N‑glycoproteins of H3N8 Viruses Produced in Chicken Embryos versus MDCK Cells. ACS Omega 2025 Dec 30;10(51):62727-62736.
- Shanta RN, Akther M, Prodhan MA, Akter SH, Annandale H, Sarker S, Abraham S, Uddin JM. Adaptation and Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Dairy Cattle: An Emerging Threat to Humans, Pets, and Peridomestic Animals. Pathogens 2025 Aug 25;14(9).
- Khan Y, Kassymbekov Y, Suleimenova S, Karamendin K, Sabyrzhan T, Nuralibekov S, Daulbayeva K, Abishov A, Akhmetzhanova M, Akhmetsadykov N, Batanova Z, Kydyrmanov A. Genome sequence of equine influenza virus isolated from horses in southeast Kazakhstan in 2020. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023 Nov 16;12(11):e0043323.
- Chambers TM. Equine Influenza. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022 Jan 4;12(1).
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