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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Electrical impedance tomography to measure lung ventilation ...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2021; 35(5); 2511-2523; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16227

Electrical impedance tomography to measure lung ventilation distribution in healthy horses and horses with left-sided cardiac volume overload.

Abstract: Left-sided cardiac volume overload (LCVO) can cause fluid accumulation in lung tissue changing the distribution of ventilation, which can be evaluated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Objective: To describe and compare EIT variables in horses with naturally occurring compensated and decompensated LCVO and compare them to a healthy cohort. Methods: Fourteen adult horses, including university teaching horses and clinical cases (healthy: 8; LCVO: 4 compensated, 2 decompensated). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, EIT was used in standing, unsedated horses and analyzed for conventional variables, ventilated right (VAR) and left (VAL) lung area, linear-plane distribution variables (avg-max VΔZ , VΔZ ), global peak flows, inhomogeneity factor, and estimated tidal volume. Horses with decompensated LCVO were assessed before and after administration of furosemide. Variables for healthy and LCVO-affected horses were compared using a Mann-Whitney test or unpaired t-test and observations from compensated and decompensated horses are reported. Results: Compared to the healthy horses, the LCVO cohort had significantly less VAL (mean difference 3.02; 95% confidence interval .77-5.2; P = .02), more VAR (-1.13; -2.18 to -.08; P = .04), smaller avg-max VΔZL (2.54; 1.07-4.00; P = .003) and VΔZL (median difference 5.40; 1.71-9.09; P = .01). Observation of EIT alterations were reflected by clinical signs in horses with decompensated LCVO and after administration of furosemide. Conclusions: EIT measurements of ventilation distribution showed less ventilation in the left lung of horses with LCVO and might be useful as an objective assessment of the ventilation effects of cardiogenic pulmonary disease in horses.
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-04 PubMed ID: 34347908PubMed Central: PMC8478054DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16227Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how left-sided cardiac volume overload (LCVO), a heart condition, alters lung ventilation in horses. Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT), researchers compared lung ventilation between healthy horses and those with LCVO, noting significant differences.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The main aim of the investigation was to describe and compare EIT variables in horses with naturally occurring compensated and decompensated LCVO, and compare them to a healthy group.
  • The study used a sample size of fourteen adult horses, including eight healthy controls and six horses affected with LCVO (four having compensated LCVO and two with decompensated LCVO).
  • As a part of the procedure, the unsedated horses underwent EIT while standing. The data collected was then analyzed for different variables such as ventilated right (VAR) and left (VAL) lung area, linear-plane distribution variables (avg-max VΔZ , VΔZ ), global peak flows, inhomogeneity factor, and estimated tidal volume.
  • The study specifically observed horses with decompensated LCVO both before and after the administration of furosemide, a medication often used to treat heart failure and edema.
  • The variables for health and LCVO-affected horses were then compared using a Mann-Whitney test or unpaired t-test, and observations from compensated and decompensated horses were reported.

Key Findings

  • The study found that compared to the healthy horses, the LCVO cohort had significantly less ventilation in the left lung. This conclusion was backed up by different parameters, including lower VAL, higher VAR, and smaller avg-max VΔZL and VΔZL.
  • The alterations in EIT, or lung ventilation distribution, were visible in horses with decompensated LCVO and observable after the administration of furosemide.

Conclusions

  • The research concludes that LCVO leads to less ventilation in the left lung of horses, evident through EIT measurements.
  • These findings imply that EIT might be a useful tool for objectively assessing the ventilation effects of cardiogenic pulmonary disease in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Sacks M, Byrne DP, Herteman N, Secombe C, Adler A, Hosgood G, Raisis AL, Mosing M. (2021). Electrical impedance tomography to measure lung ventilation distribution in healthy horses and horses with left-sided cardiac volume overload. J Vet Intern Med, 35(5), 2511-2523. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16227

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 5
Pages: 2511-2523

Researcher Affiliations

Sacks, Muriel
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Byrne, David P
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Herteman, Nicolas
  • Equine Clinic, Department for Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Secombe, Cristy
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Adler, Andy
  • Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
Hosgood, Giselle
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Raisis, Anthea L
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Mosing, Martina
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cardiac Volume
  • Electric Impedance
  • Horses
  • Lung / diagnostic imaging
  • Prospective Studies
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
  1. Sacks M, Raidal S, Catanchin CSM, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Impact of sedation, body position change and continuous positive airway pressure on distribution of ventilation in healthy foals. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1075791.
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  2. Brabant OA, Byrne DP, Sacks M, Moreno Martinez F, Raisis AL, Araos JB, Waldmann AD, Schramel JP, Ambrosio A, Hosgood G, Braun C, Auer U, Bleul U, Herteman N, Secombe CJ, Schoster A, Soares J, Beazley S, Meira C, Adler A, Mosing M. Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography-The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:946911.
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  4. Bleul U, Wey C, Meira C, Waldmann A, Mosing M. Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT). Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 10;11(11).
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  5. Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Gent TC, Hosgood G, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS, Dennler M, Herrmann P, Unger K. Impact of positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuver on healthy lungs in dogs assessed by functional and anatomical monitoring methods. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1545683.
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  7. Wong AM, Lum HY, Musk GC, Hyndman TH, Waldmann AD, Monks DJ, Bowden RS, Mosing M. Electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised chickens (Gallus domesticus). Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1202931.
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  8. Brabant O, Karpievitch YV, Gwatimba A, Ditcham W, Ho HY, Raisis A, Mosing M. Thoracic electrical impedance tomography identifies heterogeneity in lungs associated with respiratory disease in cattle. A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1275013.
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  9. Byrne DP, Keeshan B, Hosgood G, Adler A, Mosing M. Comparison of electrical impedance tomography and spirometry-based measures of airflow in healthy adult horses. Front Physiol 2023;14:1164646.
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