Electroencephalographic evaluation under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals for investigation of epilepsy.
Abstract: A standardized protocol for electroencephalography (EEG) under standing sedation for the investigation of epilepsy in foals is needed. Objective: To evaluate a modified standardized EEG protocol under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals. Methods: Nineteen foals (controls, 9; juvenile idiopathic epilepsy [JIE], 10). Methods: Descriptive clinical study. Foals were classified as controls or epileptic based on history or witnessed seizures and neurological examination. Foals were sedated using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.08 mg/kg to avoid stress associated with injectable sedation. Once foals appeared sedated with their heads low to the ground and with wide base stance (30 minutes), topical lidocaine hydrochloride was applied at the determined locations of EEG electrodes. Fifteen minutes were allowed for absorption and electrodes were placed, protected, and EEG recording performed. Results: Level of sedation was considered excellent with no need of redosing. The EEG recording lasted from 27 to 51 minutes and provided interpretable data. Epileptic discharges (ED) were noted predominantly in the central-parietal region in 9 of 10 epileptic foals. Photic stimulation triggered ED in 7 of 10 epileptic foals and in none of the controls. Foals were not oversedated and recovered uneventfully. Conclusions: Sublingual detomidine hydrochloride is a safe, painless, simple, and effective method of sedation for EEG recording in foals. Sublingual sedation allowed the investigation of cerebral electrical activity during states of sleep and arousal, and during photic stimulation for the investigation of epilepsy in foals.
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2023-04-07 PubMed ID: 37029498PubMed Central: PMC10229339DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16695Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research assesses the use of sublingual detomidine hydrochloride for sedation in the electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation of epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals.
Objective of Research
The main objective of the research is to develop and assess the effectiveness of a standardized EEG protocol under standing sedation for the evaluation of epilepsy in foals. The method uses sublingual detomidine hydrochloride for sedation. Given the need for a non-stressful and effective way to evaluate epilepsy in foals, the researchers aimed to test this approach.
Methods Used
- A sample of nineteen foals was tested, divided into two groups – the control group (9) and the juvenile idiopathic epilepsy (JIE) group (10).
- Foals were categorized as epileptic or control based on their seizure history or witnessed seizures and neurological examination.
- Sublingual detomidine hydrochloride was administered at a dosage of 0.08 mg/kg for sedation, avoiding the stress linked with injectable sedation.
- Once sedated, topical lidocaine hydrochloride was used at the determined EEG electrode locations. Electrodes were placed after a fifteen-minute absorption time, and the EEG recording was performed.
Results & Interpretation
- The level of sedation was found to be excellent, which negated the need for additional doses.
- EEG recording duration ranged from 27 to 51 minutes across the test subjects, and the data was interpretable.
- Epileptic discharges (ED) were chiefly observed in the central-parietal region in 9 of the 10 epileptic foals.
- Photic stimulation triggered ED in 7 out of the 10 epileptic foals, while none of the control foals showed any response.
- No cases of heavy sedation were reported, and all foals recovered without incident.
Conclusions
The study concluded that the use of sublingual detomidine hydrochloride is an efficient, painless, straightforward, and safe method for sedation for foal EEG recording. This method allowed the researchers to effectively study cerebral electrical activity during diverse states of sleep, arousal, and photic stimulation, offering a reliable strategy for the investigation of epilepsy in foals.
Cite This Article
APA
Vinardell T, Elestwani S, Jamieson C, Karim E, Robin M, Glynn S, Benini R, Aleman M.
(2023).
Electroencephalographic evaluation under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals for investigation of epilepsy.
J Vet Intern Med, 37(3), 1209-1215.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16695 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Egypt
- Epilepsy / veterinary
- Imidazoles
- Electroencephalography / veterinary
- Electroencephalography / methods
- Horse Diseases
Grant Funding
- RG22_TV1 / Equine Veterinary Medical Center-Member of Qatar Foundation
- V435AM2 / University of California, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology
- Sidra Medicine
Conflict of Interest Statement
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Aleman M, Benini R, Elestwani S, Vinardell T. Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals, a potential animal model of self-limited epilepsy in children. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jan-Feb;38(1):449-459.
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