Embryonic loss in pony mares induced by intrauterine infusion of Candida parapsilosis.
Abstract: Pony mares which were detected pregnant by transrectal ultrasonography received a single intrauterine infusion of either sterile saline (control, n = 12 mares) or 10(6)Candida parapsilosis (treated, n = 12 mares) between Days 11 to 14 postovulation. Subsequent embryonic loss was studied by daily ultrasonography of the mare's uterus, by serum progesterone levels, by endometrial swabs for cytologic and microbiologic examination and by endometrial biopsies that were taken after embryonic loss was detected. Significantly fewer (P<0.01) embryonic losses occurred in control than in treated mares (4 12 vs 12 12 ). The mean interval from intrauterine infusion until embryonic loss was 5.8 +/- 2.8 d for control mares (n = 4) and 2.1 +/- 0.2 d for treated mares (n = 12). Prior to embryonic loss, moderate to marked edema of the endometrial folds in 12 of 12 treated mares and free fluid in the uterine lumen of 5 of 12 treated mares were detected by ultrasonography. After embryonic loss, Candida parapsilosis was cultured from the uteri of 8 of 12 treated mares, and E . coli was cultured from the uteri of 2 of 4 control mares. Postloss endometrial smears had cytologic evidence of inflammation in 10 of 12 treated mares and 3 of 4 control mares. Intrauterine inoculation of C. parapsilosis consistently induced embryonic loss and may provide a basis to further study the relationship between endometritis and embryonic loss in mares.
Publication Date: 1988-04-01 PubMed ID: 16726404DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(88)90220-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper evaluates if and how the infusion of Candida parapsilosis, a fungal pathogen, in pregnant pony mare’s uterus can cause embryonic loss, observing the effects on the mare’s health and uterus through ultrasonography, serum progesterone levels, and endometrial swabs and biopsies.
Research Methodology
- 24 pony mares confirmed pregnant through transrectal ultrasonography were divided into two equal groups. One group, the control, received a single intrauterine infusion of sterile saline, while the other group, the treated, received an infusion of Candida parapsilosis on days 11 to 14 postovulation.
- Further studies regarding embryonic loss were conducted through activities such as daily ultrasonography of the mare’s uterus, monitoring serum progesterone levels, and conducting endometrial swabs.
- Endometrial biopsies were also taken once embryonic loss was observed.
Research Findings
- A significant difference was observed in the embryo loss count in both groups. The treated mares had a loss count of 12/12, while the control mares had a loss count of 4/12.
- The mean time from the intrauterine infusion to embryonic loss was shorter in treated mares as compared to the control mares, giving preliminary evidence towards the harmful effects of Candida parapsilosis on embryo survival.
- Signs of endometritis, such as moderate to severe edema in the endometrial folds and fluid in the uterine lumen, were prevalent in all treated mares before embryonic loss, as observed through ultrasonography.
- After embryonic loss, the uteri of 8 out of 12 treated mares cultured Candida parapsilosis, and E. coli was found in 2 out of 4 control mares. Endometrial smears after loss showed typical signs of inflammation in most treated mares (10/12) and some control mares (3/4).
Research Conclusion
- The research concludes that infusion of Candida parapsilosis into the uterus causes an increased likelihood of embryonic loss, potentially due to triggered inflammation and endometritis. The study’s findings provide a basis for further research into the relationship between uterine inflammation and embryonic loss in horse mares.
Cite This Article
APA
Ball BA, Shin SJ, Patten VH, Garcia MC, Woods GL.
(1988).
Embryonic loss in pony mares induced by intrauterine infusion of Candida parapsilosis.
Theriogenology, 29(4), 835-847.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(88)90220-8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Stefanetti V, Marenzoni ML, Lepri E, Coletti M, Casagrande Proietti P, Agnetti F, Crotti S, Pitzurra L, Del Sero A, Passamonti F. A case of Candida guilliermondii abortion in an Arab mare. Med Mycol Case Rep 2014 Apr;4:19-22.
- Meyers PJ, Bonnett BN, McKee SL. Quantifying the occurrence of early embryonic mortality on three equine breeding farms. Can Vet J 1991 Nov;32(11):665-72.
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