Endoscopic Evaluation of Angiogenesis in the Large Airways of Horses with Heaves Using Narrow Band Imaging.

This research study investigates if horses with a severe respiratory condition called “heaves” undergo angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones) in their central airways. This was analyzed using a non-invasive technique, narrow band imaging (NBI), which improves visualization of submucosal vessels. The results suggested increased superficial vessels in the trachea of horses with heaves.

Objective and Methods

• The main objective of this research was to detect if horses suffering from heaves develop angiogenesis in their central airways. Angiogenesis is a natural biological process that leads the formation of new blood vessels.
• The researchers used a technique known as narrow band imaging (NBI), a non-invasive endoscopy that enhances the visibility of submucosal vessels.
• The study was conducted by examining both healthy horses and those with heaves during exacerbation. Images were collected from different sites including the trachea, the carina (the point where the trachea divides), and the intermediate bronchi.
• These images were later analyzed using dedicated stereology software (NewCAST), which helped calculate the volume density of both superficial and deep vessels of the central airways.

Results

• The study found an increased volume density of superficial vessels in the trachea of horses with heaves compared to the control group. This indicates the presence of angiogenesis in the affected horses.
• However, no significant difference was found in the volume density of both superficial and deep vessels at the carina or in the intermediate bronchi between the two groups.

Conclusions

• The results suggest that NBI imaging is an effective approach for evaluating angiogenesis in standing sedated horses’ airways.
• The study provides a useful insight into the pathological changes that occur in horses suffering from heaves, which may help in the development of therapeutic interventions.
• Despite angiogenesis being noted in the trachea of horses with heaves, no significant changes were observed in other parts of the airways. More studies might be needed to further understand the systemic effects of heaves on the equine respiratory system.