Endothelial cell infection in vivo by equine infectious anaemia virus.
Abstract: Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) infection of horses is characterized clinically by recurrent episodes of fever, thrombocytopenia and anaemia. In vivo, the only site of virus replication that has been previously demonstrated for EIAV is the tissue macrophage. In this study, in situ hybridization for EIAV was combined with immunohistochemistry for cell-type-specific markers to identify infected endothelial cells. EIAV-infected endothelial cells and macrophages were detected in horses infected with either virulent wild-type or with weakly virulent tissue culture-adapted strains of EIAV. The role of endothelial cell infection in the pathogenesis of EIAV remains undefined, but could contribute to the development of thrombocytopenia. However, endothelial cell infection does not appear to be a determinant of virulence for EIAV.
Publication Date: 1999-09-29 PubMed ID: 10501492DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-9-2393Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research article discusses a study on the infection of endothelial cells in horses by the Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus (EIAV), a condition which leads to recurrent episodes of fever, thrombocytopenia and anaemia. The study investigates additional sites of virus replication, alongside the already-known tissue macrophage, and explores the potential contribution of endothelial cell infection to the development of thrombocytopenia.
Identification of Infected Cells
- The study utilized in situ hybridization for EIAV, alongside immunohistochemistry for specific cell markers, as the methodology for identifying infected endothelial cells.
- Previous research had only established tissue macrophages as the site for EIAV replication. However, this study was able to detect EIAV-infected endothelial cells, as well as macrophages, in horses infected with either virulent wild-type or the weakly virulent strains of EIAV that have been adapted to tissue culture.
Potential Role of Endothelial Cell Infection in Pathogenesis
- The study discusses the uncertain role of endothelial cell infection in the pathogenesis of EIAV. While it is implied that this form of infection could contribute to the development of thrombocytopenia, the study lacks definitive conclusions in this aspect.
- Thrombocytopenia is a disorder characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets, also known as thrombocytes, in the blood. This results in a higher risk of bleeding and is one of the clinical symptoms displayed by horses infected with EIAV.
Endothelial Cell Infection and Virulence
- The study also presents the finding that infection of endothelial cells does not seem to be a determinant of virulence for EIAV. In other words, the severity of the disease in horses is not influenced by whether or not the endothelial cells are infected.
- By indicating that endothelial cell infection does not affect virulence, the study contributes a critical piece of information to the understanding of EIAV and its mode of propagation within the host organism.
Cite This Article
APA
Oaks JL, Ulibarri C, Crawford TB.
(1999).
Endothelial cell infection in vivo by equine infectious anaemia virus.
J Gen Virol, 80 ( Pt 9), 2393-2397.
https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-9-2393 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology1 and Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology2, Washington State University, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology1 and Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology2, Washington State University, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology1 and Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology2, Washington State University, PO Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / analysis
- DNA, Viral / analysis
- Endothelium, Vascular / virology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
- Rabbits
- Thrombocytopenia / etiology
- Virulence
Grant Funding
- AI 24291 / NIAID NIH HHS
- HL46651 / NHLBI NIH HHS
- K11 AI01255 / NIAID NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Mashin VV, Sergeev AN, Martynova NN, Oganov MD, Sergeev AA, Kataeva VV, Zagidullin NV. Ensuring Viral Safety of Equine Immunoglobulins during Production. Pharm Chem J 2022;56(2):283-288.
- Liu Q, Ma J, Wang XF, Xiao F, Li LJ, Zhang JE, Lin YZ, Du C, He XJ, Wang X, Zhou JH. Infection with equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strain EIAVDLV121 causes no visible histopathological lesions in target organs in association with restricted viral replication and unique cytokine response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016 Feb;170:30-40.
- Du C, Ma J, Liu Q, Li YF, He XJ, Lin YZ, Wang XF, Meng QW, Wang X, Zhou JH. Mice transgenic for equine cyclin T1 and ELR1 are susceptible to equine infectious anemia virus infection. Retrovirology 2015 Apr 28;12:36.
- Bolfa P, Nolf M, Cadoré JL, Catoi C, Archer F, Dolmazon C, Mornex JF, Leroux C. Interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus infection in horses. Vet Res 2013 Dec 1;44(1):113.
- Brindley MA, Zhang B, Montelaro RC, Maury W. An equine infectious anemia virus variant superinfects cells through novel receptor interactions. J Virol 2008 Oct;82(19):9425-32.
- Fraser DG, Mealey RH, McGuire TC. Selecting peptides to optimize Th1 responses to an equine lentivirus using HLA-DR binding motifs and defined HIV-1 Th peptides. Immunogenetics 2003 Oct;55(7):508-14.
- Hedges JF, Demaula CD, Moore BD, McLaughlin BE, Simon SI, MacLachlan NJ. Characterization of equine E-selectin. Immunology 2001 Aug;103(4):498-504.
- Leroux C, Craigo JK, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Equine infectious anemia virus genomic evolution in progressor and nonprogressor ponies. J Virol 2001 May;75(10):4570-83.
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