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Home / Equine Research Bank / Virology / Enhancement of EIAV replication and disease by immunization ...
Virology1994; 199(1); 247-251; doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1120

Enhancement of EIAV replication and disease by immunization with a baculovirus-expressed recombinant envelope surface glycoprotein.

Abstract: The potential for antibody-dependent enhancement of replication of macrophage/monocyte tropic viruses has posed a significant problem in the development of vaccines for several animal and human viruses and has raised significant concern in the design of potential AIDS vaccines. Using the previously described equine infectious anemia virus/Shetland pony system as a model for HIV-1 vaccine development, we have evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant subunit vaccine containing a baculovirus-expressed envelope surface glycoprotein (gp90) of EIAV. The results of these trials demonstrate not only that the recombinant vaccine failed to protect against infection by standard homologous and heterologous EIAV challenge strains, but that it resulted in a marked enhancement of virus replication and exacerbation of disease in immunized ponies exposed to the heterologous virus strain. Thus, the recombinant EIAV gp90 vaccine provides a novel in vivo model for examining in detail the mechanisms of immune enhancement of a lentivirus infection and for evaluating strategies to avoid the production of deleterious immune responses in AIDS vaccine design.
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Publication Date: 1994-02-15 PubMed ID: 8116252DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1120Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how immunization with a recombinant subunit vaccine containing a baculovirus-expressed envelope surface glycoprotein affects replication and severity of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). Findings reveal that instead of shielding against EIAV, the vaccine escalated virus replication and worsened the disease in immunized ponies exposed to a different virus strain.

Introduction

In this research, scientists made use of the equine infectious anemia virus/Shetland pony system to model HIV-1 vaccine development. The study’s primary goal was to assess the effectiveness of a recombinant subunit vaccine containing a baculovirus-expressed envelope surface glycoprotein (gp90) of EIAV. This experiment is critical to understanding the risks posed by the potentially damaging effects of vaccines in battling macrophage/monocyte tropic viruses like EIAV and HIV-1.

Results

Findings from the study were surprising and counter-intuitive. Specifically, the results showed:

  • The recombinant vaccine did not successfully protect the subjects against infection by standard homologous and heterologous EIAV challenge strains. This lack of vaccine-induced immunity was a critical failure in the experiment.
  • Rather than offering protection, the recombinant vaccine escalated virus replication, intensifying the disease’s severity in the immunized ponies when they were exposed to a different strain of the virus. This is indicative of an immune enhancement of an infection, which is a risk factor for vaccine development,

Conclusion and Implications

The conclusions of the research suggest serious implications for vaccine development—particularly for macrophage/monocyte tropic viruses. One potential outcome from this study is that current approaches to developing vaccines, especially those targeted against HIV-1, might result in enhancing an infection rather than preventing one.

The recombinant EIAV gp90 vaccine provides researchers with a potent tool—an in vivo model—for further illuminating the mechanisms of immune enhancement of a lentivirus infection. Using this platform, scientists can evaluate strategies to avoid creating harmful immune responses in the design of AIDS vaccines.

This research underscores the necessity of thorough experimentation and careful interpretation of results in the development of vaccines. The study also raises crucial questions regarding the negative implications of certain immunization strategies, which could lead to increased disease severity instead of protection.

Cite This Article

APA
Wang SZ, Rushlow KE, Issel CJ, Cook RF, Cook SJ, Raabe ML, Chong YH, Costa L, Montelaro RC. (1994). Enhancement of EIAV replication and disease by immunization with a baculovirus-expressed recombinant envelope surface glycoprotein. Virology, 199(1), 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1994.1120

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 0042-6822
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 199
Issue: 1
Pages: 247-251

Researcher Affiliations

Wang, S Z
  • Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261.
Rushlow, K E
    Issel, C J
      Cook, R F
        Cook, S J
          Raabe, M L
            Chong, Y H
              Costa, L
                Montelaro, R C

                  MeSH Terms

                  • AIDS Vaccines / pharmacology
                  • Animals
                  • Baculoviridae
                  • Cloning, Molecular
                  • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
                  • Equine Infectious Anemia / microbiology
                  • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
                  • Horses
                  • Humans
                  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
                  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
                  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
                  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
                  • Membrane Glycoproteins / immunology
                  • Recombinant Proteins / immunology
                  • Vaccines, Synthetic / pharmacology
                  • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
                  • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
                  • Viral Vaccines / pharmacology
                  • Virus Replication

                  Grant Funding

                  • R01AI25850 / NIAID NIH HHS

                  Citations

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