Epistaxis in racehorses: risk factors and effects on career.
Abstract: To profile Thoroughbreds that incurred a ban under Australian Rule of Racing 53A on New South Wales racetracks between August 1999 and July 2008, determine the effect on their careers and identify the factors that predict whether these horses would race again or experience a recurrence of epistaxis. Methods: Differences between horses that did or did not return to racing and did or did not suffer recurrent epistaxis were determined. Backwards stepwise logistic regression was used to identify variables predicting a return to racing and recurrence of epistaxis. Results: The mean (± SD) age at the first episode of epistaxis was 4.90 ± 1.28 years. Males that bled were older, had more career starts and were more likely to race again than females. Horses that were retired from racing after the first episode of epistaxis were older than horses that continued to race. Variables that were significant predictors of retirement were: age at the first episode of epistaxis, sex, percentage of winning starts before the first episode of epistaxis, percentage of placed starts before the first episode of epistaxis and number of starts in the preparation before the first episode of epistaxis. The significant predictors of recurrence of epistaxis were: change in distance between previous start and start at which the second episode occurred and a change in percentage of winning starts, although the odds ratios were low (0.98-0.99). Conclusions: Females experience epistaxis at a younger age than males. No readily applicable predictors of the recurrence of epistaxis were identified.
© 2013 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2013 Australian Veterinary Association.
Publication Date: 2013-04-26 PubMed ID: 23614515DOI: 10.1111/avj.12049Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study investigates the factors influencing the likelihood of racehorses returning to racing and experiencing recurrence of epistaxis (nosebleeds) post-bleeding incidents on New South Wales racetracks. The study analyzed thoroughbred horses that received a ban under Australian Rule of Racing 53A between 1999 and 2008, using factors such as age, career starts, and race performances to predict return to race and recurrence of nosebleeds.
Investigation Scope and Methods
- The researchers set out to profile thoroughbred horses that received a racing ban in New South Wales due to nosebleeding, as per the Australian Rule of Racing 53A, from August 1999 to July 2008.
- Using backward stepwise logistic regression, differences between horses that returned to racing and did not return, and those that experienced recurrent nosebleeds or did not, were determined.
- The goal was to identify variables predicting a return to racing and recurrence of epistaxis in these horses.
Investigation Results
- The average age at the first episode of epistaxis was around 4.90 years.
- Mature males who experienced nosebleeds were found to have more career starts and were more likely to return to racing than females.
- Horses retired after the first nose-bleeding incident were generally older than those that continued to race.
- Significant predictors of retirement were the horse’s age at the first epistaxis episode, sex, percentage of winning starts before the first epistaxis, percentage of placed starts before the first epistaxis, and number of starts in the preparation before the first epistaxis.
- Predictors of a recurrence of nosebleeds were discovered to be changes in distance between the previous start and the start at which the second nosebleed episode occurred and alterations in the percentage of winning starts, albeit the odds ratios were low (0.98-0.99).
Conclusions
- The study found that female horses tended to experience epistaxis at a younger age than males.
- Despite the comprehensive investigation, the study could not identify any easily applicable predictors for the recurrence of nosebleeds.
Cite This Article
APA
Langford JL, Thomson PC, Knight PK.
(2013).
Epistaxis in racehorses: risk factors and effects on career.
Aust Vet J, 91(5), 198-203.
https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12049 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Commerce
- Epistaxis / complications
- Epistaxis / epidemiology
- Epistaxis / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Odds Ratio
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Recurrence
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
- Sports / statistics & numerical data
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Sugiyama F, Takahashi Y, Nomura M, Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Yoshida T. Risk Factors for Epistaxis in Thoroughbred Flat Races in Japan (2001-2020).. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 14;13(8).
- Gibson MJ, Legg KA, Gee EK, Rogers CW. Race-Level Reporting of Incidents Using an Online System during Three Seasons (2019/2020-2021/2022) of Thoroughbred Flat Racing in New Zealand.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 3;12(21).
- Gibson MJ, Bolwell CF, Gee EK, Legg KA, Rogers CW. Race-Level Reporting of Incidents during Two Seasons (2015/16 to 2016/17) of Thoroughbred Flat Racing in New Zealand.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 15;12(8).
- Hinchcliff KW, Couetil LL, Knight PK, Morley PS, Robinson NE, Sweeney CR, van Erck E. Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 May-Jun;29(3):743-58.
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