Epistaxis related to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in south African Thoroughbreds.
Abstract: This study investigated if environmental factors had an effect on the incidence of epistaxis related to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) among racehorses in southern Africa. Data covering the period 1986-2001 and involving 778 532 race runs were analysed. This included the following information: date of race, age, sex, name of breeder, trainer, distance, jockey, state of going, weight carried, racing centre and altitude. Veterinarians employed by the Jockey Club suspended officially entered horses that presented with epistaxis (frank bleeding from the nostrils) after racing. On-course endoscopy is not performed as a standard practice at any southern African racetrack. Epistaxis was identified in 1287 horses (0.165%). More horses presented with EIPH-related epistaxis (a) at sea level, (b) from May to October, (c) when older (> 3 years), (d) after 1995, (e) on Fridays and Sundays, and (f) more in geldings than in mares or entire males. No association could be established between epistaxis and breeder, trainer, distance run, jockey, state of going and weight carried. It is concluded that the frequency of EIPH-related epistaxis is associated with altitude, winter and spring, sex and age. It is suggested that racing at lower altitudes may increase the probability of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage.
Publication Date: 2004-03-25 PubMed ID: 15038426DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v74i4.525Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research paper evaluated the impact of various environmental factors on the incidence of nose bleeding linked with exertion-induced lung hemorrhage in South African racehorses.
Context and Methodology
- The researchers aimed to determine if environmental variables influenced the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in racing horses in Southern Africa.
- The study analyzed data from 778,532 race runs from 1986 to 2001.
- The collected data included race date, horse’s age and sex, breeder and trainer names, race distance and weight carried, as well as other race-specific details.
- Jockey Club veterinarians suspended horses officially entered that showed evident signs of Epistaxis (nose bleeding) post-race.
- However, the standard practice at Southern African racetracks does not include performing an on-course endoscopy.
Findings
- The study identified 1287 horses that experienced nose bleeding, accounting for 0.165% of the total.
- Incidents of EIPH-related nose bleeding were found to be more prevalent in certain specific conditions – at sea level, from May to October, in horses older than 3 years, after 1995, and more in geldings than in mares or unaltered males.
- No evident correlation was found between nose bleeds and factors such as breeder, trainer, race distance, jockey, state of going, or weight carried by the horse.
Conclusion
- The incidence of EIPH-related nose bleeding appears to be linked to altitude, the seasons of winter and spring, and the sex and age of the horse.
- Furthermore, the research proposes that racing at lower altitudes may raise the chances of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Weideman H, Schoeman SJ, Jordaan GF, Kidd M.
(2004).
Epistaxis related to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in south African Thoroughbreds.
J S Afr Vet Assoc, 74(4), 127-131.
https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v74i4.525 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Jockey Club of Southern Africa, Kenilworth Racecourse, Rosmead Avenue, Kenilworth 7700, South Africa. wcrb@jockeyclubsa.co.za
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Altitude
- Animals
- Breeding
- Epistaxis / epidemiology
- Epistaxis / etiology
- Epistaxis / veterinary
- Female
- Hemorrhage / complications
- Hemorrhage / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horses
- Incidence
- Lung Diseases / complications
- Lung Diseases / veterinary
- Male
- Physical Exertion
- Risk Factors
- Seasons
- Sex Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Sugiyama F, Takahashi Y, Nomura M, Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Yoshida T. Risk Factors for Epistaxis in Thoroughbred Flat Races in Japan (2001-2020).. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 14;13(8).
- Nath L, Stent A, Elliott A, La Gerche A, Franklin S. Risk Factors for Exercise-Associated Sudden Cardiac Death in Thoroughbred Racehorses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 May 18;12(10).
- Blott S, Cunningham H, Malkowski L, Brown A, Rauch C. A Mechanogenetic Model of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Haemorrhage in the Thoroughbred Horse.. Genes (Basel) 2019 Nov 1;10(11).
- Hinchcliff KW, Couetil LL, Knight PK, Morley PS, Robinson NE, Sweeney CR, van Erck E. Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 May-Jun;29(3):743-58.
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